Covalent bonds are directional
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Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons. The sharing of electrons occurs between the overlapping orbitals of the two atoms. The shape of the molecule and the direction of the bond are determined by the arrangement of these orbitals.

Key Points:
- Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons.
- The direction of the bond is determined by the arrangement of the overlapping orbitals.
- The shape of the molecule is also influenced by the direction of the bonds.

Ionic bonds are not directional
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Ionic bonds are formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom. In this type of bond, the electrons are not shared but completely transferred from one atom to another. As a result, there is no specific direction associated with ionic bonds.

Key Points:
- Ionic bonds involve the complete transfer of electrons.
- There is no specific direction associated with ionic bonds.

A polar bond is not formed between two atoms with the same electronegativity value
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Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. When two atoms with different electronegativities form a bond, the electron density is shifted towards the more electronegative atom, resulting in a polar bond. A polar bond has a positive and a negative pole, where the more electronegative atom is the negative pole.

Key Points:
- Polar bonds are formed between atoms with different electronegativities.
- The electron density is shifted towards the more electronegative atom.
- The more electronegative atom becomes the negative pole in the bond.

The presence of polar bonds in a polyatomic molecule suggests that it has a non-zero dipole moment
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A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. It occurs when there is a net separation of charge due to the presence of polar bonds. In a polyatomic molecule, the individual bond dipoles can cancel each other out if the molecule is symmetrical, resulting in a molecule with zero dipole moment. However, if the molecule is asymmetrical, the individual bond dipoles do not cancel out, and the molecule has a non-zero dipole moment.

Key Points:
- A dipole moment arises from the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule.
- The presence of polar bonds in a molecule does not necessarily mean it has a non-zero dipole moment.
- The molecular symmetry determines whether the individual bond dipoles cancel out or not.