Decomposers are organisms that break down dead organic matter, such as plants and animals, into simpler compounds. They play a critical role in the ecosystem by recycling nutrients back into the environment. Without decomposers, dead organic matter would accumulate and eventually deplete the soil of essential nutrients.
Decomposers can be divided into two groups: microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and macroorganisms, such as earthworms and beetles. Microorganisms are responsible for breaking down the complex compounds found in dead plant and animal material into simpler compounds that can be taken up by plants and other organisms. Macroorganisms, on the other hand, shred and mix dead organic matter, making it more accessible to microorganisms.
Decomposers also play a role in controlling the population of other organisms. For example, they help to control pests by breaking down the remains of dead insects. They also help to control disease by breaking down the remains of diseased organisms.
In summary, decomposers are organisms that break down dead organic matter, recycle nutrients and control population of other organisms in the ecosystem.