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The maximum clock frequency in MHz of a 4-stage ripple counter, utilizing flip-flops, with each flip-flop having a propagation delay of 20 ns, is ____ . (round off to one decimal place).
Correct answer is '12.5'. Can you explain this answer?
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The maximum clock frequency in MHz of a 4-stage ripple counter, utiliz...
Given ripple counter 4 flip-flop, t
T = ntp = 4 x 20nsec = 80 nsec
p
= 20 nsec for each flip-flop.T = ntp = 4 x 20nsec = 80 nsec
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The maximum clock frequency in MHz of a 4-stage ripple counter, utiliz...
Propagation Delay
Propagation delay is the time taken for a change in the input of a digital circuit to result in a change in the output. In this case, each flip-flop has a propagation delay of 20 ns.
Ripple Counter
A ripple counter is a type of digital counter circuit that uses flip-flops to count. In a 4-stage ripple counter, there are four flip-flops connected in series.
Maximum Clock Frequency
The maximum clock frequency is the highest frequency at which the counter can operate reliably. It is determined by the propagation delay of the flip-flops.
Calculation
To calculate the maximum clock frequency, we need to consider the worst-case scenario, where the output of each flip-flop changes just after the clock edge.
In a 4-stage ripple counter, each flip-flop receives its clock input from the previous flip-flop. The output of the first flip-flop changes after a propagation delay of 20 ns. This change in output propagates to the second flip-flop, which also has a propagation delay of 20 ns. Similarly, the output of the second flip-flop propagates to the third and fourth flip-flops, each with a propagation delay of 20 ns.
Since the propagation delay of each flip-flop is 20 ns, the total delay for the output of the fourth flip-flop to change is 20 ns * 4 = 80 ns.
The maximum clock frequency can be calculated using the formula: Maximum Clock Frequency = 1 / Total Delay.
Maximum Clock Frequency = 1 / 80 ns = 12.5 MHz.
Therefore, the maximum clock frequency of the 4-stage ripple counter is 12.5 MHz.
Propagation delay is the time taken for a change in the input of a digital circuit to result in a change in the output. In this case, each flip-flop has a propagation delay of 20 ns.
Ripple Counter
A ripple counter is a type of digital counter circuit that uses flip-flops to count. In a 4-stage ripple counter, there are four flip-flops connected in series.
Maximum Clock Frequency
The maximum clock frequency is the highest frequency at which the counter can operate reliably. It is determined by the propagation delay of the flip-flops.
Calculation
To calculate the maximum clock frequency, we need to consider the worst-case scenario, where the output of each flip-flop changes just after the clock edge.
In a 4-stage ripple counter, each flip-flop receives its clock input from the previous flip-flop. The output of the first flip-flop changes after a propagation delay of 20 ns. This change in output propagates to the second flip-flop, which also has a propagation delay of 20 ns. Similarly, the output of the second flip-flop propagates to the third and fourth flip-flops, each with a propagation delay of 20 ns.
Since the propagation delay of each flip-flop is 20 ns, the total delay for the output of the fourth flip-flop to change is 20 ns * 4 = 80 ns.
The maximum clock frequency can be calculated using the formula: Maximum Clock Frequency = 1 / Total Delay.
Maximum Clock Frequency = 1 / 80 ns = 12.5 MHz.
Therefore, the maximum clock frequency of the 4-stage ripple counter is 12.5 MHz.
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The maximum clock frequency in MHz of a 4-stage ripple counter, utilizing flip-flops, with each flip-flop having a propagation delay of 20 ns, is ____ . (round off to one decimal place).Correct answer is '12.5'. Can you explain this answer?
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