Neuron with one axon and only one dendrite is called Bipolar.

A neuron is an essential building block of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting and processing information through electrical and chemical signals. Neurons consist of three main parts: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and axon.

Bipolar neurons are a type of neuron that has one axon and one dendrite. Here's a detailed explanation of why this is the correct answer:

1. Structure of a Bipolar Neuron:
- Bipolar neurons have a single axon and a single dendrite arising from opposite ends of the cell body.
- The cell body is located in the middle and contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for cellular functions.

2. Function of a Bipolar Neuron:
- Bipolar neurons are primarily involved in sensory processing, especially in the special senses such as vision, hearing, and olfaction.
- The dendrite receives sensory input from the environment or other neurons and transmits it towards the cell body.
- The axon carries the processed information away from the cell body to other neurons or effector cells.

3. Examples of Bipolar Neurons:
- Retinal bipolar cells: These neurons transmit visual information from photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) to ganglion cells in the retina.
- Olfactory bipolar cells: They relay olfactory information (smell) from olfactory receptor cells in the nasal epithelium to the olfactory bulb in the brain.
- Auditory bipolar cells: Found in the cochlea of the inner ear, they participate in the transmission of auditory signals to the brain.

4. Comparison with other types of neurons:
- Multipolar neurons have multiple dendrites and a single axon. They are the most common type of neurons and are involved in motor control and interneuronal communication.
- Unipolar neurons have a single process that branches into two, forming an axon and a dendrite. They are primarily found in the peripheral nervous system and are involved in sensory functions.

In summary, a neuron with one axon and one dendrite is called a bipolar neuron. These neurons play important roles in sensory processing and can be found in various sensory organs throughout the body.

Bipolar neuron contains single axon and single dendrite