Before Constitutional Amendment in 1992:
1. Limited Powers of Local Government:
Before the constitutional amendment in 1992, the local government had limited powers and authority. The central government held most of the decision-making power, and the local government had very little autonomy. The central government controlled the distribution of resources, funds, and policies, leaving the local government with limited control over their own jurisdiction.

2. Lack of Democratic Representation:
The local government before the constitutional amendment lacked proper democratic representation. The officials in the local government were often appointed by the central government rather than being elected by the local population. This lack of democratic representation undermined the principles of local governance and hindered the effective participation of the local community in decision-making processes.

After Constitutional Amendment in 1992:
1. Devolution of Power:
The constitutional amendment in 1992 led to the devolution of power from the central government to the local government. It aimed to decentralize the decision-making process and grant more autonomy to the local government bodies. This devolution of power allowed the local government to have greater control over local affairs, including resource management, infrastructure development, and public services.

2. Promoting Grassroots Democracy:
The constitutional amendment also focused on promoting grassroots democracy by introducing the concept of local self-government. It allowed for the direct election of local government officials, ensuring democratic representation at the local level. This change empowered the local population to participate actively in the decision-making processes and hold their elected representatives accountable.

Conclusion:
The constitutional amendment in 1992 brought significant changes to the local government system. It expanded the powers and autonomy of the local government bodies, enabling them to make decisions and implement policies that catered to the specific needs of their jurisdiction. Moreover, it introduced democratic representation through direct elections, ensuring the active participation of the local population in local governance. These changes aimed to strengthen the local government system and promote effective and accountable governance at the grassroots level.

Before:Panchayats in villages and municipalities in urban areas were set up in all the States. These were directly under the control of state governments. Elections to these local governments were not held regularly. Local governments did not have any powers or resources of their own. Thus, there was very little scope of decentralisation in effective terms. After: The Constitution was amended to make the third-tier of democracy more powerful and effective. It was constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.Seats were reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes.At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.An independent institution called the State Election Commission has been created in each State to conduct panchayat and municipal elections. The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature ofsharing varies from State to State