Nalanda School of Bronze-Casting

The correct answer is option 'B' - Nalanda. The Nalanda School of Bronze-Casting emerged around the 9th century during the rule of the Pala Dynasty in Bihar and Bengal regions. This school of bronze-casting was closely associated with the renowned Nalanda University, which was a major center of learning during that time.

Nalanda University was established in the 5th century and became one of the world's most prestigious centers of education and Buddhist studies. It attracted scholars and students from all over the world and played a crucial role in the development of art, culture, and knowledge in ancient India.

- Nalanda School of Bronze-Casting:
The Nalanda School of Bronze-Casting was known for its exceptional craftsmanship and the production of exquisite bronze sculptures. The artisans of this school were highly skilled in the art of casting bronze and created intricate and detailed sculptures of Buddhist deities, bodhisattvas, and other religious figures.

- Influence of Buddhism:
Buddhism played a significant role in the development of bronze-casting in the Nalanda region. The Pala Dynasty, which ruled during this period, was a strong patron of Buddhism. The bronze sculptures produced by the Nalanda School often depicted Buddhist themes and were used for religious purposes in monasteries and temples.

- Techniques and Styles:
The Nalanda School of Bronze-Casting employed various techniques to create their sculptures. The lost-wax casting technique, also known as cire-perdue, was commonly used. This involved creating a wax model, encasing it in clay, and then melting the wax to create a mold into which molten bronze was poured. This technique allowed for the creation of intricate and delicate details in the sculptures.

The sculptures produced by the Nalanda School were characterized by their naturalistic style and attention to detail. The artists skillfully captured the expressions, postures, and gestures of the figures, giving them a lifelike quality. The sculptures were often adorned with elaborate jewelry, headdresses, and robes, showcasing the mastery of the artisans.

- Legacy:
The Nalanda School of Bronze-Casting had a profound influence on the development of bronze sculpture in the Indian subcontinent. Its techniques and styles were adopted and adapted by other schools of bronze-casting in different regions. The sculptures produced by the Nalanda School continue to be highly regarded for their artistic and historical value, and many can be found in museums and private collections around the world.

In conclusion, the Nalanda School of Bronze-Casting emerged during the Pala Dynasty in Bihar and Bengal regions. It was closely associated with the renowned Nalanda University and produced exceptional bronze sculptures using techniques such as lost-wax casting. The naturalistic style and attention to detail of the Nalanda sculptures continue to be admired and appreciated today.