Dry farming in India is extensively practiced in the Deccan region. The Deccan region is a large plateau in central India that covers parts of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh. This region experiences a semi-arid climate with low rainfall, making it suitable for dry farming techniques.

Below are the reasons why dry farming is extensively practiced in the Deccan region of India:

1. Semi-Arid Climate:
- The Deccan region receives low and erratic rainfall, with an average annual rainfall of 500-800 mm.
- The rainfall is concentrated in the monsoon season, which lasts for a few months.
- Due to the scarcity of water, it is challenging to practice conventional farming methods that require abundant water resources.

2. Drought-Resistant Crops:
- Dry farming in the Deccan region mainly focuses on cultivating crops that are suited to arid and semi-arid conditions.
- Crops like millets (such as jowar, bajra, and ragi), pulses, oilseeds, and cotton are commonly grown using dry farming techniques.
- These crops have adapted to survive with minimal water requirements and are more resistant to drought conditions.

3. Soil Conservation:
- Dry farming techniques in the Deccan region prioritize soil conservation and moisture retention.
- Farmers use methods like contour plowing, terracing, and mulching to prevent soil erosion and retain moisture in the soil.
- Contour plowing involves plowing along the contours of the land, which helps to reduce water runoff and increase water infiltration into the soil.
- Terracing helps to create level steps on slopes, preventing soil erosion and allowing water to be retained in each terrace.
- Mulching involves covering the soil with organic matter like crop residues or straw, which helps to reduce evaporation and retain moisture in the soil.

4. Crop Rotation and Mixed Cropping:
- Dry farming in the Deccan region often involves crop rotation and mixed cropping techniques.
- Crop rotation helps to maintain soil fertility and reduce the risk of pest and disease infestations.
- Mixed cropping involves growing different crops together, which can help to maximize the use of limited water resources and increase overall productivity.

5. Traditional Knowledge and Practices:
- Dry farming techniques in the Deccan region have been developed and refined over generations based on the traditional knowledge and practices of local communities.
- Farmers have adapted their agricultural practices to the specific climatic conditions of the region, utilizing their understanding of the local ecosystem and natural resources.

In conclusion, dry farming in India is extensively practiced in the Deccan region due to its semi-arid climate, suitability for drought-resistant crops, emphasis on soil conservation, and utilization of traditional knowledge and practices. These factors enable farmers in the Deccan region to sustain agriculture in areas with limited rainfall and water resources.