Directions: In the question given below, there are two statements mark...
Assertion (A): Kerala performs much better than Punjab and Gujarat in human development.
Reason (R): Per capita income governs the extent of human development.
The correct answer is option 'C' - A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
Human Development Index (HDI)
- Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure of human development which takes into account factors such as life expectancy, education, and per capita income.
- It provides a comprehensive picture of a country's overall development and well-being.
- HDI is calculated based on three dimensions: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living.
Kerala's Performance in Human Development
- Kerala has consistently performed much better than Punjab and Gujarat in terms of human development.
- The state has achieved a high level of human development despite having a lower per capita income compared to Punjab and Gujarat.
- This indicates that per capita income alone does not govern the extent of human development.
Reasoning Behind Kerala's High HDI
- Kerala's high HDI can be attributed to several factors:
- High literacy rate: Kerala has achieved a near-universal literacy rate, which has contributed to the improvement in education and knowledge indicators of HDI.
- Focus on healthcare: The state has invested heavily in healthcare infrastructure and services, resulting in high life expectancy and quality healthcare facilities.
- Social indicators: Kerala has achieved significant progress in reducing poverty, improving gender equality, and ensuring social inclusion, which are important components of human development.
Per Capita Income and Human Development
- While per capita income is an important factor in determining the standard of living, it is not the sole determinant of human development.
- Human development encompasses various dimensions beyond income, such as education, healthcare, and overall well-being.
- Countries or regions with higher per capita income may not necessarily have higher human development if other factors are not given due importance.
Conclusion
- The assertion that Kerala performs much better than Punjab and Gujarat in human development is true.
- However, the reason given that per capita income governs the extent of human development is false.
- Kerala's exceptional performance in human development can be attributed to its focus on education, healthcare, and social indicators, rather than solely relying on per capita income.
Directions: In the question given below, there are two statements mark...
Size of the territory and per capita income are not directly related to human development. Often smaller countries have done better than larger ones in human development. Similarly, relatively poorer nations have been ranked higher than richer neighbours in terms of human development. For example, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago have a higher rank than India in the Human Development Index despite having smaller economies. Similarly, within India, Kerala performs much better than Punjab and Gujarat in human development despite having lower per capita income.
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