Transitional Climate between Equatorial Forests and Trade Wind Hot Deserts: Savanna or Sudan Climate

The transitional climate found between equatorial forests and trade wind hot deserts is known as the savanna or Sudan climate. This climate type is characterized by a distinct dry season and a wet season, with a noticeable decrease in rainfall compared to equatorial forests but not as arid as trade wind hot deserts.

Characteristics of Savanna or Sudan Climate:
- Rainfall: The rainfall in this climate is characterized by a distinct wet and dry season. The wet season occurs during the summer months when the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) moves closer to the region, bringing heavy rainfall. In contrast, the dry season occurs during the winter months when the ITCZ moves away, resulting in significantly reduced rainfall.

- Temperature: The savanna or Sudan climate experiences high temperatures throughout the year. The average temperature is generally above 18°C (64°F) during all months. However, there may be some variation in temperature between the wet and dry seasons.

- Vegetation: The vegetation in this climate is predominantly composed of grasslands with scattered trees. This type of vegetation is known as savanna vegetation, characterized by tall grasses and widely spaced trees. The vegetation adapts to the seasonal rainfall patterns, with the grasses becoming dormant during the dry season and regrowing during the wet season.

- Wildlife: The savanna climate supports a diverse range of wildlife due to the availability of both grasslands and trees. It is home to large herbivores such as zebras, giraffes, and wildebeests, as well as predators like lions and cheetahs.

- Human Activities: The savanna climate is conducive to agricultural activities, particularly the cultivation of crops such as maize, millet, and sorghum. It also supports pastoralism, with communities relying on livestock grazing in the grasslands.

- Examples: The savanna or Sudan climate can be found in regions such as parts of Africa, including the Sudan region, as well as parts of South America and Australia.

Overall, the savanna or Sudan climate serves as a transitional type between the lush equatorial forests and the arid trade wind hot deserts. It exhibits characteristics of both climate types, with distinct wet and dry seasons, high temperatures, and a unique vegetation composition that adapts to the varying rainfall patterns.