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These two functions are inseparable twins of management. One function is considered as forward looking and another is known as backward looking. Identify the functions of management explained above:
  • a)
    Planning and Organizing
  • b)
    Planning and Staffing
  • c)
    Planning and Controlling
  • d)
    Staffing and Directing
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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These two functions are inseparable twins of management. One function ...
Understanding the Functions of Management
In the realm of management, two essential functions stand out as inseparable twins: planning and controlling. These functions work in tandem to ensure that organizational goals are met effectively and efficiently.
Forward-Looking: Planning
- Planning is a proactive function that involves setting objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve them.
- It requires foresight and strategic thinking to anticipate future conditions and challenges.
- By outlining goals and the means to achieve them, planning creates a roadmap for the organization.
Backward-Looking: Controlling
- Controlling, on the other hand, is a reactive function that assesses the progress made towards the goals set during the planning phase.
- It involves monitoring performance, comparing actual results with planned objectives, and making necessary adjustments.
- This function ensures that the organization stays on track and corrects any deviations from the planned course.
The Interdependence of Planning and Controlling
- Planning and controlling are interconnected; effective planning lays the groundwork for successful controlling.
- Without proper planning, controlling efforts may lack direction, leading to inefficiencies.
- Conversely, controlling provides feedback that informs future planning, creating a continuous cycle of improvement.
In summary, planning is a forward-looking function that sets the stage for success, while controlling is a backward-looking function that ensures adherence to the planned objectives. Together, they form a vital partnership in effective management, emphasizing the importance of both proactive and reactive strategies in achieving organizational goals.
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These two functions are inseparable twins of management. One function ...
Pre-determined goals can be achieved only through controlling., Planning without control is useless and control without planning is meaningless. Planning, based on facts, makes controlling easier. Thus, planning and controlling are mutually inter-related and interdependent.
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Directions: The question is based on the reasoning and arguments, or facts and principles set out in the passage. Some of these principles may not be true in the real or legal sense, yet you must conclusively assume that they are true for the purpose. Please answer the question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Do not rely on any principle of law other than the ones supplied to you, and do not assume any facts other than those supplied to you when answering the question. Please choose the option that most accurately and comprehensively answers the question.Copyrights are generally owned by the people who create the work of expression.Some exceptions:If a work is created by an employee in the course of his or her employment, the employer owns the copyright. If the work is created by an independent contractor and the independent contractor signs a written agreement stating that the work shall be made for hire, the commissioning person or organisation owns the copyright only if the work is a part of a larger literary work, such as an article in a magazine or a poem or story in an anthology; part of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, such as a screenplay; a translation; a supplementary work such as an afterword, an introduction, chart, editorial note, bibliography; a compilation; an instructional text; a test or answer material for a test; or an atlas. Works that dont fall within one of these eight categories constitute works made for hire only if created by an employee within the scope of his or her employment.If the creator has sold the entire copyright, the purchasing business or person becomes the copyright owner.When two or more authors prepare a work with the intent to combine their contributions into inseparable or interdependent parts, the work is considered joint work and the authors are considered joint copyright owners. Authorship is retained but in some cases this copyright owner can be the publisher. Say a joint work is when a book or article has two or more authors. However, if a book is written primarily by one author, but another author contributes a specific chapter to the book and is given credit for that chapter, then this probably wouldnt be a joint work because the contributions arent inseparable or interdependent. The U.S. Copyright Office considers joint copyright owners to have an equal right to register and enforce the copyright. Unless the joint owners make a written agreement to the contrary, each copyright owner has the right to commercially exploit the copyright, provided that the other copyright owners get an equal share of the proceeds between them.If at the time of creation, the authors did not intend their works to be part of an inseparable whole, the fact that their works are later put together does not create a joint work. Rather, the result is considered a collective work. In this case, each author owns a copyright in only the material he or she added to the finished product. For example in the 1980s, Vladimir wrote a famous novel full of complex literary allusions. In 2018, his publisher issues a student edition of the work with detailed annotations. The student edition is a collective work. Vladimir owns the copyright in the novel, but the professor owns the annotations.Q.X is an independent contractor. He orally asks Y to create a work for hire. The work will be part of the book which will be published by X. Who is the copyright owner of the work?

Directions: The question is based on the reasoning and arguments, or facts and principles set out in the passage. Some of these principles may not be true in the real or legal sense, yet you must conclusively assume that they are true for the purpose. Please answer the question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Do not rely on any principle of law other than the ones supplied to you, and do not assume any facts other than those supplied to you when answering the question. Please choose the option that most accurately and comprehensively answers the question.Copyrights are generally owned by the people who create the work of expression.Some exceptions:If a work is created by an employee in the course of his or her employment, the employer owns the copyright. If the work is created by an independent contractor and the independent contractor signs a written agreement stating that the work shall be made for hire, the commissioning person or organisation owns the copyright only if the work is a part of a larger literary work, such as an article in a magazine or a poem or story in an anthology; part of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, such as a screenplay; a translation; a supplementary work such as an afterword, an introduction, chart, editorial note, bibliography; a compilation; an instructional text; a test or answer material for a test; or an atlas. Works that dont fall within one of these eight categories constitute works made for hire only if created by an employee within the scope of his or her employment.If the creator has sold the entire copyright, the purchasing business or person becomes the copyright owner.When two or more authors prepare a work with the intent to combine their contributions into inseparable or interdependent parts, the work is considered joint work and the authors are considered joint copyright owners. Authorship is retained but in some cases this copyright owner can be the publisher. Say a joint work is when a book or article has two or more authors. However, if a book is written primarily by one author, but another author contributes a specific chapter to the book and is given credit for that chapter, then this probably wouldnt be a joint work because the contributions arent inseparable or interdependent. The U.S. Copyright Office considers joint copyright owners to have an equal right to register and enforce the copyright. Unless the joint owners make a written agreement to the contrary, each copyright owner has the right to commercially exploit the copyright, provided that the other copyright owners get an equal share of the proceeds between them.If at the time of creation, the authors did not intend their works to be part of an inseparable whole, the fact that their works are later put together does not create a joint work. Rather, the result is considered a collective work. In this case, each author owns a copyright in only the material he or she added to the finished product. For example in the 1980s, Vladimir wrote a famous novel full of complex literary allusions. In 2018, his publisher issues a student edition of the work with detailed annotations. The student edition is a collective work. Vladimir owns the copyright in the novel, but the professor owns the annotations.Q.According to the article, what is the main difference between an author and a copyright holder?

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These two functions are inseparable twins of management. One function is considered as forward looking and another is known as backward looking. Identify the functions of management explained above:a)Planning and Organizingb)Planning and Staffingc)Planning and Controllingd)Staffing and DirectingCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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