In 19 th century there were 2 main revolutions which laid the foundations of nationalist struggle for establishment of nation states :1.July revoltion of 1830 maunly caused due to overpopulation , widespresd hunger , feudalalism , migration of people from rural areas to add to the woes of overcrowdedslums , aristrocracy.2.Revolution of 1848: in the revolution of 1848 men and women continued their demand for creation of nation state and a new constitution .as a result monarc (louis phillepe) was abdicated and a republic based on universal male suffrsge was proclaimed

Three Reasons for the National Upsurge in 19th Century Europe

1. Nationalism
Nationalism was a significant factor that contributed to the national upsurge in 19th century Europe. People began to identify themselves as belonging to a particular nation and took pride in their cultural heritage, language, and traditions. Nationalism gave people a sense of identity, a feeling of belonging, and a shared purpose. This led to the growth of national consciousness, which eventually led to the formation of nation-states.

2. Industrialization
The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 18th century, brought about significant changes in Europe. The rapid industrialization saw the growth of cities, the creation of new industries, and the expansion of transport and communication networks. This led to increased economic growth and prosperity, which, in turn, created a sense of national pride and identity.

3. Political upheavals
The 19th century saw several political upheavals in Europe, such as the French Revolution, which led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic. This event had a significant impact on the rest of Europe, as it inspired people to fight for their rights and freedoms. The revolutions of 1848, which took place in several European countries, were also a significant factor in the national upsurge. These revolutions led to the creation of new constitutions, the expansion of voting rights, and the establishment of new political systems.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the national upsurge in 19th century Europe was driven by several factors such as nationalism, industrialization, and political upheavals. These factors created a sense of national pride and identity, which eventually led to the formation of nation-states. The national upsurge was a significant turning point in European history, and it laid the foundation for the modern European state system.