The correct answer is option 'C': Financing and leasing of aircraft, engines, and spare parts.

Explanation:
The Cape Town Convention (CTC) is an international treaty that governs the financing and leasing of aircraft, engines, and spare parts. It aims to establish a comprehensive legal framework for the protection of creditors and lessors in the aviation industry. The treaty was adopted in 2001 at a diplomatic conference held in Cape Town, South Africa, hence the name.

Key Points:

1. Purpose of the Cape Town Convention:
- The primary purpose of the Cape Town Convention is to facilitate the financing and leasing of aircraft and related equipment by providing a uniform set of rules and procedures.
- It aims to enhance the predictability and efficiency of transactions by establishing clear rights and remedies for creditors and lessors, thus reducing the risk associated with aviation financing.

2. Features of the Cape Town Convention:
- The treaty establishes an international registry for the registration of aircraft, engines, and certain other aviation assets.
- It enables creditors and lessors to establish priority rights over these assets, ensuring their protection in case of default or insolvency.
- The convention also provides for the enforcement of these rights across different jurisdictions, making it easier for creditors and lessors to recover their assets in the event of a default.

3. Benefits of the Cape Town Convention:
- The Cape Town Convention promotes access to affordable financing for airlines and other aviation operators, as it reduces the risk for lenders and lessors.
- It also encourages the development of the aviation industry by attracting more investment and innovation in aircraft technology.
- The convention improves the legal framework for aircraft transactions, making it more transparent and efficient, and reducing the cost and time involved in financing and leasing agreements.

4. Adoption and Ratification:
- As of now, the Cape Town Convention has been ratified by over 80 countries, including major aviation and financial centers.
- Countries that ratify the treaty are required to implement its provisions into their national laws, ensuring its effective implementation at the domestic level.

In conclusion, the Cape Town Convention is an international treaty that aims to facilitate the financing and leasing of aircraft, engines, and spare parts. By establishing a comprehensive legal framework and providing clear rights and remedies for creditors and lessors, the convention promotes access to affordable financing, attracts investment, and enhances the efficiency of aircraft transactions in the global aviation industry.