The ruling class during the Mughal Empire consisted of various groups, including the nobility, landed gentry, and zamindars. These groups played significant roles in the administration and governance of the empire.

a) Nobility:
The nobility formed the core of the ruling class in the Mughal Empire. They were individuals of aristocratic lineage who held high-ranking positions in the government. The Mughal emperors granted titles and jagirs (land grants) to the nobles as a reward for their loyalty, military service, and administrative capabilities. The nobles were responsible for assisting the emperor in governing the empire, maintaining law and order, collecting revenue, and commanding the Mughal army. They held prestigious positions such as Mansabdars (military commanders), Wazirs (prime ministers), and Mir Bakshi (the head of the military administration).

b) Landed Gentry:
The landed gentry were the elite landowners who held vast estates and agricultural lands. They were typically members of the nobility and were granted jagirs by the Mughal emperors. The jagirs provided them with a source of income and allowed them to exercise control over the local population. The landed gentry were responsible for collecting revenue from the peasants and ensuring the efficient functioning of the agricultural sector. They enjoyed privileges and had considerable political influence in their respective regions.

c) Zamindars:
Zamindars were the local revenue collectors and administrators in the Mughal Empire. They were appointed by the central administration to collect taxes from the peasants and maintain law and order in their territories. Zamindars were granted the authority to govern their regions and were responsible for ensuring the regular payment of revenue to the imperial treasury. They held significant power and often had their own private armies. The Mughal emperors relied on the zamindars to maintain control over the vast empire and to uphold the fiscal and administrative structure.

In conclusion, during the Mughal Empire, the ruling class consisted of the nobility, landed gentry, and zamindars. These groups played crucial roles in the governance, administration, and revenue collection of the empire. They were responsible for maintaining law and order, managing the agricultural sector, and supporting the emperor in governing the vast Mughal territories.