**Provisions of the Indian Constitution focusing on political equality of citizens**

The Indian Constitution, adopted on 26th November 1949, aims to establish a democratic society based on the principles of justice, equality, and liberty. It contains various provisions that focus on ensuring political equality among its citizens. These provisions are as follows:

**1. Universal Adult Suffrage:**
The Constitution grants the right to vote to all citizens above the age of 18, irrespective of their caste, religion, gender, or economic status. This provision ensures political equality by giving every citizen an equal opportunity to participate in the democratic process.

**2. Right to Equality:**
Article 14 of the Constitution guarantees equality before the law and prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. This provision ensures that every citizen has an equal opportunity to participate in the political process without facing any discrimination.

**3. Reservation of Seats:**
To ensure political representation for historically marginalized sections of society, the Constitution provides for the reservation of seats in legislatures for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs). This provision aims to address historical inequalities and promote political equality by giving these communities a voice in decision-making processes.

**4. Prohibition of Untouchability:**
Article 17 of the Constitution abolishes the practice of untouchability, which is a social evil associated with caste discrimination. By prohibiting untouchability, the Constitution promotes political equality by ensuring that no citizen is subjected to social exclusion or discrimination based on their caste.

**5. Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression:**
Article 19 guarantees the right to freedom of speech and expression to all citizens. This provision allows citizens to voice their opinions, criticize the government, and participate in political discussions freely. It ensures political equality by providing a platform for all citizens to express their views without fear of reprisal.

**6. Right to Constitutional Remedies:**
Article 32 of the Constitution grants the right to move to the Supreme Court for the enforcement of fundamental rights. This provision ensures political equality by allowing citizens to seek legal recourse if their rights are violated, thus providing a mechanism to protect and uphold their political rights.

In conclusion, the Indian Constitution contains several provisions that focus on ensuring political equality among its citizens. These provisions include universal adult suffrage, right to equality, reservation of seats, prohibition of untouchability, right to freedom of speech and expression, and right to constitutional remedies. These provisions aim to create a level playing field for all citizens to participate in the democratic process and have an equal say in decision-making.