DOMINANCE - When parent plants are pure for contrasting traits, only one form of the trait will appear in the next generation, that is known as dominant trait (T).The trait (t) is recessive.SEGREGATION- In F1 hybrid the dominant and recessive trait though remain together for long time but do not mix with each other and separate or segregate at the time of gamete formation.INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT- The inheritance of one character is always independent to the inheritance of the other character within the same individual.

Mendel's Three Laws




Law of Segregation:
- This law states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait segregate or separate from each other.
- Each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
- This ensures that offspring receive a combination of alleles from both parents.




Law of Independent Assortment:
- According to this law, the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another trait.
- Genes for different traits segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
- This results in various combinations of traits in offspring, leading to genetic diversity.




Law of Dominance:
- The law of dominance states that in a heterozygous individual (having two different alleles for a trait), one allele will be dominant and the other recessive.
- The dominant allele will mask the expression of the recessive allele in the phenotype.
- However, both alleles are present in the genotype and can be passed on to future generations.

These three laws laid the foundation for the study of genetics and inheritance patterns. Mendel's work with pea plants helped establish the principles of heredity that are still fundamental in biology today.