Introduction:
Belgium, a small European country, has had a long history of ethnic tensions between its two main linguistic communities, the Dutch-speaking Flemish and the French-speaking Walloons. These tensions often led to political and social conflicts, but over time, Belgium has managed to find a solution to its ethnic problem.

Key factors:
Several key factors contributed to the resolution of the ethnic problem in Belgium:

1. Regional Autonomy: One of the crucial steps taken to address the ethnic problem was the devolution of powers to the regional governments. Belgium transformed from a unitary state into a federal state, granting significant autonomy to its regions, namely Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels. This allowed each linguistic community to govern its own affairs, including education, culture, and language.

2. Equal Representation: Another important aspect was the introduction of a system that ensured equal representation of both linguistic communities in the federal government and other institutions. This was achieved through a complex system of proportional representation, where political parties had to include candidates from both communities on their party lists.

3. Bilingual Brussels: Brussels, being a bilingual city with a significant population of both Flemish and Walloons, presented a unique challenge. The city was granted the status of the bilingual capital region, where both languages hold official status. This allowed for the coexistence and recognition of both linguistic communities in the capital.

4. Power-sharing: Power-sharing arrangements were put in place to ensure that both communities had a say in decision-making processes. Key positions in the government and public administration were distributed proportionally between Flemish and Walloon politicians.

Results:
The implementation of these measures has had several positive outcomes:

1. Stability and Peace: The resolution of the ethnic problem has brought stability and peace to Belgium. Political conflicts have significantly reduced, and the country has been able to function effectively as a federal state.

2. Preservation of Linguistic and Cultural Identities: The autonomy granted to the regions allowed for the preservation and promotion of linguistic and cultural identities. Both Flemish and Walloons can now freely express their cultures, languages, and traditions.

3. Economic Prosperity: Belgium's economic prosperity has been positively impacted by the resolution of the ethnic problem. The regional governments have been able to focus on economic development strategies tailored to their specific needs, resulting in overall growth and prosperity.

4. Enhanced Cooperation: The resolution of the ethnic problem has fostered greater cooperation and understanding between the Flemish and Walloon communities. Interactions and collaborations between the regions have increased, leading to a more cohesive society.

Conclusion:
Belgium's resolution of the ethnic problem through regional autonomy, equal representation, power-sharing, and recognition of linguistic and cultural identities has brought stability, prosperity, and harmony to the country. The successful management of ethnic tensions serves as an example for other countries facing similar challenges, highlighting the importance of inclusive and cooperative approaches to resolving complex issues.