Natural indicators are extracted from ?

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I didn't understand that question but ummmm...I think that The acid-base indicator properties of Rose (Rosa setigera), Allamanda (Allamanda cathartica), and Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) flowers were examined. Colour pigments were extracted from the flowers via cold and solvent extraction using soxhlet extractor. The pH value of the extracts with wavelengths of absorption was determined...Do you understand that ?

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Litmus

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Lichen

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Litmus or methyl orange
litmus changes acid blue to red
litmus changes base red to blue
and methyl orange the original colour of methyl orange is orange it Change acid orange to red and bases orange to yellow

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Plants

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Natural Indicators and Their Extraction

Natural indicators are substances that can be found in nature and have the ability to change color in the presence of an acid or a base. These indicators are commonly used in chemistry to determine the pH level of a solution. They provide a visual representation of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance by undergoing a color change.

Extraction of Natural Indicators:

Natural indicators can be extracted from various sources such as fruits, vegetables, flowers, and even certain insects. The extraction process involves obtaining the pigments present in these sources, which are responsible for the color change.

1. Fruits and Vegetables:
- Many fruits and vegetables contain natural pigments that can act as indicators. Some commonly used examples include red cabbage, beetroot, turmeric, and grapes.
- To extract the indicator from fruits or vegetables, they are first chopped or crushed to release the pigments.
- The pigments are then extracted by adding a suitable solvent such as water or ethanol. The solvent helps dissolve the pigments and separate them from the solid matter.
- The resulting solution is then filtered to remove any solid particles, leaving behind the extracted indicator.

2. Flowers:
- Certain flowers, such as hydrangeas or hibiscus, contain pigments that can serve as natural indicators.
- The petals of these flowers are plucked and crushed to release the pigments.
- Similar to fruits and vegetables, a suitable solvent is added to extract the pigments. Water or ethanol is commonly used for this purpose.
- The solution is then filtered to obtain the extracted indicator.

3. Insects:
- Some insects, such as the cochineal insect, produce natural pigments that can be used as indicators.
- These insects are dried and crushed to obtain the pigments.
- The pigments are then extracted using a solvent, typically water or ethanol.
- After filtration, the extracted indicator is obtained.

Conclusion:
Natural indicators are extracted from various sources such as fruits, vegetables, flowers, and insects. These sources contain pigments that can change color in the presence of an acid or a base. By extracting these pigments using suitable solvents, we can obtain natural indicators that are used to determine the pH level of different substances.

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