Germany's Initial Alliance in World War II

The correct answer is option 'A' - Italy. Germany initially formed an alliance with Italy, which ultimately led to the outbreak of World War II. This alliance between Germany and Italy is famously known as the "Pact of Steel" or the "Berlin-Rome Axis."

Background:
- In the 1920s and 1930s, both Germany and Italy were discontent with the existing international order and sought to regain their lost territories and influence.
- Adolf Hitler, the leader of Nazi Germany, aimed to expand German territory and establish a dominant fascist regime in Europe.
- Benito Mussolini, the leader of Italy, also desired to expand Italian influence and create a new Roman Empire.

The Pact of Steel:
- The alliance between Germany and Italy was solidified with the signing of the "Pact of Steel" on May 22, 1939, in Berlin.
- The pact was a military and political alliance that aimed to coordinate the actions of both countries in their pursuit of territorial expansion and domination in Europe.
- It outlined mutual defense commitments, cooperation in economic and military spheres, and a common approach to foreign policy.

Reasons for the Alliance:
- Shared Ideology: Both Germany and Italy were fascist states with similar ideologies, characterized by authoritarian governments, strong nationalism, and militarism.
- Territorial Ambitions: Both countries had territorial ambitions and sought to revise the international boundaries established after World War I.
- Mutual Support: An alliance with Italy provided Germany with a valuable ally and a potential partner in conquering Europe. Italy, on the other hand, sought Germany's military and economic support to achieve its expansionist goals.
- Opposition to Communism: Both Germany and Italy were vehemently opposed to the spread of communism and shared a desire to counter the influence of the Soviet Union.

Impact:
- The alliance between Germany and Italy had significant consequences and greatly influenced the course of World War II.
- It emboldened Hitler and gave him confidence in pursuing his aggressive foreign policy, leading to the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the subsequent outbreak of war.
- The alliance also prompted other countries, such as Japan, to join forces with Germany and Italy, forming the Axis Powers, which fought against the Allied Powers during the war.

Overall, the initial alliance between Germany and Italy played a crucial role in escalating tensions and setting the stage for the outbreak of World War II.