Hiuen-Tsang visited the Chalukya kingdom during the reign of Pulakesin II.

Background:
Hiuen-Tsang, also known as Xuanzang, was a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, and traveler who visited India during the 7th century. He embarked on a journey to India in search of Buddhist scriptures and knowledge. His travels and observations of Indian society, culture, and history are recorded in his famous work, "Records of the Western World."

Visiting the Chalukya Kingdom:
During his stay in India, Hiuen-Tsang visited various regions and kingdoms, including the Chalukya kingdom. The Chalukyas were a powerful dynasty that ruled over parts of present-day Karnataka and Maharashtra.

Pulakesin II:
Pulakesin II was one of the most prominent rulers of the Chalukya dynasty. He ascended the throne in 610 CE and ruled until his death in 642 CE. Pulakesin II is known for his military campaigns and expansion of the Chalukya kingdom. He successfully defended his kingdom against the attacks of Harsha, the ruler of the northern Indian kingdom of Kannauj.

Importance of Pulakesin II:
Pulakesin II is considered one of the greatest rulers of the Chalukya dynasty. Under his reign, the Chalukya kingdom reached its peak of power and influence. He expanded the kingdom's borders, established diplomatic relations with neighboring kingdoms, and promoted art, literature, and religion.

Hiuen-Tsang's Account:
Hiuen-Tsang's account of his visit to the Chalukya kingdom provides valuable insights into the society, culture, and administration of the kingdom during Pulakesin II's reign. He described the prosperity, grandeur, and architectural marvels of the Chalukya capital, Vatapi (modern-day Badami). Hiuen-Tsang also mentioned the presence of Buddhist monasteries and the patronage extended by Pulakesin II towards Buddhism.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Hiuen-Tsang visited the Chalukya kingdom during the reign of Pulakesin II. Pulakesin II's reign was a significant period in the history of the Chalukya dynasty, marked by territorial expansion, diplomatic achievements, and patronage of art and religion. Hiuen-Tsang's account provides valuable information about the Chalukya kingdom during this time and contributes to our understanding of ancient Indian history.