The correct answer is option 'B', the Treaty of Versailles. The May Fourth Movement was indeed sparked by the Treaty of Versailles, which was signed on June 28, 1919, at the end of World War I. The treaty had several provisions that deeply affected China and stirred up strong nationalist sentiments among Chinese intellectuals and students.

The May Fourth Movement, named after the date of the mass demonstration that took place on May 4, 1919, in Beijing, was a cultural and political movement that emerged in response to the treaty and its implications for China. The movement marked a turning point in China's modern history and had a profound impact on the Chinese Revolution.

Now let's delve into the details of why the Treaty of Versailles sparked the May Fourth Movement:

1. Provisions of the Treaty: The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany, including territorial losses and financial reparations. One of the most controversial provisions was the transfer of the German concessions in Shandong province, China, to Japan. This decision outraged the Chinese people as it symbolized a continuation of foreign imperialism in China.

2. Popular Discontent: The Chinese had expected that the Allies, including the United States, Britain, and France, would support their calls for self-determination and the restoration of Chinese sovereignty. However, the transfer of Shandong to Japan demonstrated that their hopes were dashed. This led to widespread outrage and discontent among the Chinese population, particularly among intellectuals and students.

3. Intellectual Awakening: The May Fourth Movement was fueled by a growing sense of nationalism and a desire for political reform. Chinese intellectuals, influenced by Western ideas such as democracy, science, and nationalism, played a crucial role in shaping the movement. They saw the Treaty of Versailles as a betrayal of China's national interests and called for a rejection of traditional Confucian values and the adoption of new, progressive ideas.

4. Student Protests: On May 4, 1919, thousands of students from Beijing's prestigious universities came together to protest against the treaty and the Chinese government's perceived inability to stand up to foreign powers. The students demanded the government's withdrawal from the negotiations and an end to foreign imperialism in China.

5. Spread of the Movement: The May Fourth Movement quickly spread across China, with students, workers, and other intellectuals joining the protests. Strikes, boycotts, and demonstrations were organized, and a new sense of national identity and political consciousness emerged.

In conclusion, the May Fourth Movement was sparked by the Treaty of Versailles and its impact on China. The treaty's provisions, including the transfer of Shandong to Japan, led to widespread discontent and fueled nationalist sentiments among Chinese intellectuals and students. The movement became a significant precursor to the Chinese Revolution and marked a period of intellectual awakening and political activism in China.