The discovery of the New World is often attributed to Christopher Columbus.

Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer, is widely credited with the discovery of the New World. Here is an explanation of why Columbus is considered the one who discovered the New World:

Background and Motivation:
- In the late 15th century, European countries were eager to find new sea routes to Asia for trade and exploration.
- Christopher Columbus, born in Genoa, Italy, had a keen interest in navigation and believed that he could reach Asia by sailing westward instead of the traditional eastward route.

The Voyage:
- In 1492, Columbus embarked on his first voyage, seeking a western route to Asia. He received financial support from the Spanish monarchy, King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I.
- Columbus set sail with three ships - the Santa Maria, the Pinta, and the Niña - and after a long and arduous journey, he reached the Caribbean islands on October 12, 1492.
- Although Columbus mistakenly believed he had reached Asia, his arrival in the Americas marked the beginning of European exploration and colonization of the New World.

Impact and Significance:
- Columbus' voyages opened up a new era of transatlantic exploration and colonization, leading to the eventual establishment of European colonies and the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between the Old World and the New World.
- The discovery of the New World had far-reaching consequences, including the Columbian Exchange, which facilitated the transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
- Columbus' voyages also paved the way for other explorers and conquerors, such as Vasco da Gama, who explored the sea route to India, and Hernán Cortés, who conquered the Aztec Empire.

Controversies:
- While Columbus is widely credited with discovering the New World, it is important to acknowledge that indigenous peoples had inhabited the Americas for thousands of years before his arrival.
- Columbus' expeditions also had negative consequences, including the enslavement and mistreatment of indigenous populations and the spread of diseases that devastated native communities.

In conclusion, Christopher Columbus is often attributed with the discovery of the New World due to his historic voyages that initiated European exploration and colonization of the Americas. However, it is essential to recognize the broader historical context, including the presence of indigenous civilizations in the Americas prior to Columbus' arrival.