Ancient Mesopotamia:
Ancient Mesopotamia was a region located in the eastern Mediterranean, in what is now modern-day Iraq and parts of Syria, Turkey, and Iran. It is often referred to as the "cradle of civilization" because it was one of the earliest centers of human civilization.

Government in Ancient Mesopotamia:
In ancient Mesopotamia, the type of government that existed was a monarchy. A monarchy is a system of government in which a single ruler, usually a king or queen, holds absolute power and authority over the state.

The King:
The king was the most important figure in ancient Mesopotamian society and government. He served as the political, religious, and military leader of the kingdom. The king's power was often believed to be divinely ordained, and he was seen as the intermediary between the gods and the people.

Centralized Power:
The king had absolute authority over all aspects of the kingdom, including laws, taxes, and land ownership. They appointed officials to help govern the various regions of the kingdom, but all decisions ultimately rested with the king.

City-States:
Ancient Mesopotamia was divided into several city-states, each with its own ruler. These city-states were independent political and economic entities that had their own governing systems. However, they were often subject to the authority of the king, who could intervene in their affairs if necessary.

Laws and Administration:
The king was responsible for creating and enforcing laws in ancient Mesopotamia. He appointed judges and officials to administer justice and maintain order in the kingdom. The laws were written on stone tablets and covered a wide range of issues, including property rights, contracts, and crimes.

Succession:
Succession to the throne in ancient Mesopotamia was typically hereditary, with the king passing the title and power to his eldest son or another male heir. However, there were instances of power struggles and dynastic changes resulting from military conquests or uprisings.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the type of government that existed in ancient Mesopotamia was a monarchy. The king held absolute power and authority over the kingdom, and the city-states were subject to his rule. The king was responsible for creating and enforcing laws, appointing officials, and serving as the political, religious, and military leader of the kingdom.