Paper I of the sociology optional subject covers the following main topics:

1. Sociology - The Discipline:
This topic introduces students to the basic concepts and theories of sociology as a discipline. It covers the nature, scope, and significance of sociology, its relationship with other social sciences, and the major sociological perspectives and theorists.

2. Sociology as Science:
This section focuses on the scientific methods used in sociology, including the process of sociological research. It covers the various research methods, tools, and techniques employed by sociologists to study social phenomena and analyze data.

3. Research Methods and Analysis:
This topic delves deeper into the research methods and techniques used in sociology. It covers both quantitative and qualitative research methods, sampling techniques, data collection, and analysis. Students are also introduced to statistical methods and sociological software used for data analysis.

4. Sociological Thinkers:
This section explores the major sociological thinkers and their contributions to the field. It covers the works of classical sociologists such as Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Auguste Comte, as well as contemporary sociologists like Talcott Parsons, Robert Merton, and Anthony Giddens.

5. Stratification and Mobility:
This topic focuses on social stratification and social mobility. It covers the different forms of social inequality, including caste, class, and gender, and examines the theories and concepts related to social stratification. The topic also explores the factors influencing social mobility and the consequences of social inequality.

6. Works and Economic Life:
This section examines the relationship between work, economy, and society. It covers the concepts of work, labor, and industrialization, and explores the various sociological theories related to work. The topic also discusses globalization, capitalism, and the impact of economic changes on society.

7. Politics and Society:
This topic explores the sociological aspects of politics and society. It covers the nature of political systems, power, authority, and governance, and examines the relationship between politics and social institutions. The topic also discusses social movements, political ideologies, and the role of the state in society.

8. Religion and Society:
This section focuses on the sociological study of religion. It covers the theories and concepts related to religion, religious beliefs, rituals, and social institutions. The topic also explores the role of religion in society, its influence on social norms and values, and the relationship between religion and social change.

Overall, Paper I of the sociology optional subject provides a comprehensive understanding of the discipline, its theoretical foundations, research methods, and key sociological concepts. It equips students with the knowledge and analytical skills to analyze social phenomena, understand social processes, and interpret social changes in society.