Introduction:
The Delhi Sultanate, founded by the Ghurid dynasty in the 13th century, marked the beginning of Muslim rule in the Indian subcontinent. The administrative system of the Delhi Sultanate was characterized by centralization of power, division of territories, efficient revenue administration, and the establishment of a bureaucracy.

Centralization of Power:
The Delhi Sultanate was a centralized state with the Sultan as the supreme authority. The Sultan held absolute power and was responsible for all major decisions regarding administration, law, and justice. The centralization of power allowed for swift decision-making and effective governance.

Division of Territories:
The Sultanate was divided into provinces known as "iqtas" or "shiqs," which were further divided into districts called "parganas." Each province was governed by a provincial governor or "iqta-dar" who acted as the representative of the Sultan. The iqta-dar was responsible for maintaining law and order, collecting revenue, and providing justice in his jurisdiction.

Revenue Administration:
The revenue administration of the Delhi Sultanate was based on the system of land revenue. The Sultanate introduced the "khalisa" system, where a certain portion of the land was designated as crown land and the revenue collected from it directly went to the royal treasury. The rest of the land was granted as "iqta" to the nobles or officers who were responsible for collecting revenue from the assigned territory.

Establishment of Bureaucracy:
The Delhi Sultanate established a bureaucratic system to effectively administer the vast empire. The bureaucracy consisted of various officials such as the wazir (prime minister), diwan (revenue officer), sadr (religious officer), and qazi (judge) who assisted the Sultan in the administration of the state. The wazir acted as the chief advisor to the Sultan and was responsible for coordinating the activities of other officials.

Justice System:
The Delhi Sultanate had a well-organized legal system. The qazis were responsible for dispensing justice and interpreting Islamic law. They ensured that justice was delivered impartially and fairly. The Sultanate also established qazi courts in various regions to provide easy access to justice for the people.

Military Administration:
The Delhi Sultanate had a strong military administration to defend its territories and maintain law and order. The Sultanate maintained a standing army known as the "dakhili" and a cavalry force called the "khasa." The military administration was responsible for protecting the borders, suppressing rebellions, and maintaining peace in the empire.

Conclusion:
The administrative system of the Delhi Sultanate was characterized by centralization of power, division of territories, efficient revenue administration, establishment of a bureaucracy, a well-organized justice system, and a strong military administration. These features contributed to the effective governance and stability of the Delhi Sultanate during its rule in the Indian subcontinent.