Urban morphology is the study of the physical form and structure of cities and how they evolve over time. It examines various aspects such as the layout of streets and buildings, land use patterns, transportation networks, and the relationship between different parts of the city. There have been several case studies conducted to understand and analyze urban morphology in different cities around the world. Here are a few notable examples:

1. Paris, France:
Paris is often considered as one of the best examples of urban morphology due to its unique and well-planned city structure. The city is known for its radial pattern, with major boulevards radiating from the city center. Haussmann's renovation of Paris in the 19th century played a significant role in shaping the urban form of the city. The wide boulevards, uniform building heights, and open spaces created a sense of order and grandeur.

2. Barcelona, Spain:
Barcelona is another city that has been extensively studied for its urban morphology. The city has a rich history and its urban form reflects different periods of development. The Eixample district, designed by Ildefons Cerdà in the 19th century, is a prime example of grid-based urban planning. The grid layout, coupled with chamfered corners and octagonal blocks, has contributed to the distinctive character of the city.

3. Chandigarh, India:
Chandigarh, the capital city of the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana, is a planned city designed by renowned architect Le Corbusier. It is often cited as one of the most successful examples of modernist urban planning. The city follows a grid pattern with separate sectors for different functions such as residential, commercial, and institutional. The open green spaces, wide roads, and modernist architecture are key features of Chandigarh's urban morphology.

4. Brasília, Brazil:
Brasília, the capital city of Brazil, is a prime example of a planned city that showcases unique urban morphology. Designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer and urban planner Lucio Costa, Brasília is renowned for its modernist architecture and distinctive layout. The city is organized into superblocks, which are large-scale residential units with interconnected streets and extensive green spaces. The layout emphasizes the separation of different functions and promotes car-centric transportation.

5. Tokyo, Japan:
Tokyo is one of the most populous and vibrant cities in the world, and its urban morphology reflects its dynamic growth and evolution. The city has a complex and dense network of streets, with a mix of narrow alleyways and wide boulevards. Tokyo's urban form is characterized by a mixture of traditional low-rise buildings and modern high-rise skyscrapers. The city's transportation infrastructure, including its extensive subway system and efficient rail networks, has played a crucial role in shaping its urban morphology.

Overall, these case studies provide valuable insights into the diverse forms and patterns of urban morphology around the world. By studying these examples, urban planners and researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the factors that influence the physical structure and development of cities.