Which of the following peasant revolts took place before Gandhian phas...
The correct answer is option 'A' - Indigo revolt.
Explanation:
The Indigo revolt, also known as the Bengal Indigo Planters Association (BIPA) Rebellion, was a peasant revolt that took place in the Bengal Presidency of British India in 1859-1860. It occurred before the Gandhian phase of the Indian independence movement, which is generally associated with Mahatma Gandhi's leadership from the early 1920s onwards.
Here is a detailed explanation of the other options mentioned in the question:
b) Moplah Rebellion: The Moplah Rebellion, also known as the Malabar Rebellion, occurred in the Malabar region of present-day Kerala in 1921. It was a violent uprising against British colonial rule and Hindu landlords. This revolt took place during the Gandhian phase, making it incorrect as an answer choice.
c) Champaran Satyagraha: The Champaran Satyagraha was a movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1917, during the Gandhian phase. It was a protest against the forced indigo cultivation by British landlords in Champaran, Bihar. Therefore, it also took place during the Gandhian phase and is incorrect as an answer choice.
d) Kheda Peasant Struggle: The Kheda Peasant Struggle, also known as the Kheda Satyagraha, occurred in Kheda district of Gujarat in 1918. It was led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who later became one of the prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement. This struggle also took place during the Gandhian phase, making it incorrect as an answer choice.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - the Indigo revolt, as it took place before the Gandhian phase of the Indian independence movement.
Which of the following peasant revolts took place before Gandhian phas...
Peasants revolt
- The Peasant movement in India arose during the British colonial period when economic policies resulted in the ruin of traditional handicrafts and other small industries leading to a change of ownership and overburdening of agrarian land and massive debt and impoverishment of peasantry.
Peasants revolt before the Gandhian phase-
- Indigo revolt of 1859-1860: European planters persuaded the peasants to plant indigo instead of food crops.
- They provided loans at very high interest.
- The price paid by the planters was meager, only 2.5% of the market price.
- The farmers were totally unprotected from the indigo planters, who resorted to mortgages or the destruction of their property if they were unwilling to obey them.
- Under this severe oppression, the farmers resorted to revolt.
- Pabna movement: Some lords forcefully collected rents and land taxes, often enhanced for the poor peasants and also prevented the tenants from acquiring Occupancy Right under Act X of 1859.
- Due to the decline in the production of Jute in the 1870s, the peasants were struggling with famine.
- Some of the lords declared an enhancement of land taxes and that triggered the rebellion.
- Deccan Riots: In May and June 1875, peasants of Maharashtra in some parts of Pune, Satara and Ahmednagar districts revolted against increasing agrarian distress.
- The rioters' specific purpose was to obtain and destroy the bonds, decrees, and other documents in the possession of the moneylenders.
Thus, we can say that the Indigo revolt took place before the Gandhian phase.
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