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What are the topics covered under the Paper II syllabus?
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What are the topics covered under the Paper II syllabus?
Topics covered under Paper II syllabus for UPSC exam


Preliminary Examination


  • Current events of national and international importance

  • History of India and Indian National Movement

  • Indian and World Geography - Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World

  • Indian Polity and Governance - Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

  • Economic and Social Development - Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

  • General issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity, and Climate Change - that do not require subject specialization

  • General Science



Main Examination

Paper I - Essay


  • Candidates are required to write an essay on a specific topic. This paper tests the candidate's ability to express and present their thoughts clearly and coherently.



Paper II - General Studies I


  • Indian Heritage and Culture - Indian art, literature, architecture, and their various forms throughout history.

  • History and Geography of the World and Society - Events, happenings, and developments in the world and their impact on society.

  • Salient features of Indian Society - Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism, secularism, etc.



Paper III - General Studies II


  • Constitution, Governance, Polity, Social Justice, and International relations - Structure, organization, and functioning of the Executive, Legislature, and Judiciary in India, various constitutional bodies, development processes, and the challenges of inclusive governance.



Paper IV - General Studies III


  • Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management - Indian economy, science and technology, environmental issues, disaster management, etc.



Paper V - General Studies IV


  • Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude - Ethics and human interface, attitude, moral, and political attitudes, integrity, probity in governance.



Paper VI - Optional Subject Paper I


  • Candidates can choose one optional subject from a list provided by the UPSC. This paper will cover the first part of the chosen subject's syllabus.



Paper VII - Optional Subject Paper II


  • This paper covers the second part of the syllabus for the optional subject chosen by the candidate.



By following the above syllabus, candidates can prepare comprehensively for the UPSC exam and increase their chances of success.
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What are the topics covered under the Paper II syllabus?
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