Can you provide a list of important experiments or demonstrations related to Indian scientists in Physics for UPSC Physics optional subject?

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Important Experiments or Demonstrations related to Indian Scientists in Physics for UPSC Physics optional subject

Raman Effect (1928) by Sir C.V. Raman:

Sir C.V. Raman discovered the Raman Effect, which is the inelastic scattering of light by molecules. He observed that when light passes through a transparent material, a small portion of the light is scattered in different directions and the scattered light contains wavelengths different from the incident light. This discovery provided evidence for the existence of new types of light scattering and contributed to the understanding of molecular structure and vibrations. Raman Effect has extensive applications in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and materials science.

Bose-Einstein Statistics (1924) by Satyendra Nath Bose:

Satyendra Nath Bose collaborated with Albert Einstein to develop the theory of Bose-Einstein statistics. This theory describes the behavior and characteristics of particles called bosons. It explains the phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation, where a large number of bosons occupy the same quantum state. Bose-Einstein statistics have significant applications in the field of condensed matter physics, particularly in the study of superfluidity and superconductivity.

Chandrasekhar Limit (1930) by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar:

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar determined the upper limit for the mass of a white dwarf star, known as the Chandrasekhar Limit. He showed that if the mass of a white dwarf exceeds this limit, it will collapse under its own gravitational force and eventually become a supernova. This discovery provided fundamental insights into stellar evolution and the end stages of stellar life.

Indian Neutrino Observatory (INO) Project:

The INO project is a major research initiative in India related to neutrino physics. The proposed observatory aims to study neutrinos, which are subatomic particles with extremely low interaction probabilities. The project involves the construction of a massive underground laboratory to detect and study neutrinos passing through the Earth. The INO project has the potential to contribute to the understanding of neutrino properties, particle physics, and astrophysics.

Discovery of the Higgs Boson (2012) by Indian scientists at CERN:

Indian scientists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) played a significant role in the discovery of the Higgs Boson. The Higgs Boson is a fundamental particle that interacts with other particles to give them mass. The discovery of the Higgs Boson confirmed the existence of the Higgs field, which is responsible for the origin of mass in the universe. This breakthrough in particle physics has profound implications for our understanding of the fundamental forces and particles in nature.

These experiments and demonstrations by Indian scientists have made substantial contributions to various branches of physics and have significantly advanced our understanding of the universe. Studying these experiments and their implications can be valuable for UPSC Physics optional subject preparation.

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