Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is located in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

- Location:
Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is situated in the Pilibhit district of Uttar Pradesh. It is located in the Terai region of the Himalayas, near the India-Nepal border. The reserve covers an area of approximately 730 square kilometers.

- Significance:
Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is one of the 50 tiger reserves in India and is known for its rich biodiversity. It is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, including several endangered species. The reserve is particularly known for its tiger population and is an important conservation area for these majestic creatures.

- Flora and Fauna:
The reserve is characterized by diverse vegetation, including dense forests, grasslands, swamps, and wetlands. It is home to more than 1275 species of plants, including several medicinal plants and rare tree species. Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is also a haven for wildlife, with over 50 species of mammals, 250 species of birds, and numerous reptiles, amphibians, and insects. Apart from tigers, the reserve is known for its population of elephants, leopards, sloth bears, deer species, and various primates.

- Conservation Efforts:
The Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is actively involved in conservation efforts to protect its unique ecosystem and wildlife. Several measures are taken to prevent poaching, encroachment, and habitat destruction. The reserve also focuses on community participation and raising awareness among the local population about the importance of wildlife conservation. Eco-tourism initiatives have been implemented to promote sustainable development and generate livelihood opportunities for the local communities.

- Importance for UPSC:
The Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is a significant topic for the UPSC exam as it tests the candidates' knowledge about conservation efforts, biodiversity hotspots, and the importance of tiger reserves in India. It is essential to understand the geographical location, flora, fauna, conservation measures, and the role of such reserves in maintaining ecological balance. Additionally, questions on wildlife protection laws, government initiatives, and the role of local communities in conservation can also be asked in the exam.