Establishment of the First High Court in India
The first High Court in India was established in 1862, marking a significant development in the Indian legal system during the British colonial period.
Historical Context
- The British East India Company established a judicial system in India, but it lacked a formal structure for higher judiciary.
- Prior to 1862, the highest courts were the Sadar Diwani Adalat and Sadar Nizamat Adalat, established by the British in the 18th century.
Formation of the High Court
- The Indian High Courts Act of 1861 led to the establishment of High Courts in major cities.
- The first High Court was established in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1862, followed by the Bombay and Madras High Courts.
Significance of the High Court
- The High Courts were designed to replace the previous system and provide a more organized and efficient judiciary.
- They had the authority to hear appeals from lower courts and were empowered to review decisions.
Impact on Indian Judiciary
- The establishment of High Courts laid the foundation for a structured legal framework in India.
- It played a crucial role in the evolution of the legal system, ensuring the administration of justice and protection of individual rights.
In summary, 1862 marks the year when the first High Court in India was established, a pivotal moment in advancing the legal landscape of the country.