Statement I: Western printing techniques and mechanical press were imported in the late 19th Century as western powers established their outposts in China.

During the late 19th century, as western powers established their outposts in China, they brought with them various technologies, including printing techniques and mechanical presses. This statement highlights the introduction of Western printing techniques and mechanical presses in China during this period.

Statement II: Beijing became the hub of the new print culture, catering to western-style schools.

Beijing, the capital of China, played a significant role in the development of the new print culture during the late 19th century. It became the hub for printing and publishing, catering not only to traditional Chinese printing but also to the growing demand for Western-style education provided by schools established by Western powers.

Explanation:

The introduction of Western printing techniques and mechanical presses in China had a profound impact on the country's print culture. This led to the establishment of a new print culture, which encompassed both traditional Chinese printing methods and the adoption of Western printing techniques.

Western Printing Techniques:
- Western printing techniques, such as moveable type printing and the use of mechanical presses, were more efficient and allowed for faster and larger-scale printing.
- These techniques were brought to China by Western powers, particularly during their colonial expansion in the late 19th century.
- The import of Western printing techniques revolutionized the Chinese printing industry, leading to increased production and distribution of printed materials.

Mechanical Presses:
- Mechanical presses were one of the key components of Western printing techniques.
- These presses allowed for the mass production of printed materials, further contributing to the growth of the print culture in China.
- The use of mechanical presses in China's printing industry resulted in increased accessibility to printed materials, making them more affordable and widely available.

Beijing as the Hub of the New Print Culture:
- Beijing, being the capital city, became the center of the new print culture.
- The city attracted publishers, printers, and educators who wanted to cater to the growing demand for Western-style education.
- Western-style schools were established in Beijing, and these schools required printed textbooks, teaching materials, and other educational resources.
- Beijing's printing industry flourished as it became the primary source of printed materials for these schools.
- The demand for printed materials in Beijing led to the growth of the publishing industry and the establishment of numerous printing presses.

In conclusion, the import of Western printing techniques and mechanical presses in the late 19th century revolutionized China's print culture. Beijing emerged as the hub of this new print culture, catering to the needs of Western-style schools and becoming a center for publishing and printing activities.

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