What is apical dominance?

Question

Answer

' apical dOminance is a concentration of growth at the tip of plant shoot. where a terminal bud partially inhibit aXillarY bud growth bY using hormone...

Answer

It's the phenomenon whereby the main , central stem of the plant is dominant over other side stems .

Answer

Apical Dominance:

Apical dominance is a phenomenon in plants where the growth and development of the main central stem, known as the apical bud, is favored over the growth of lateral buds on the sides of the stem. This dominance is primarily regulated by a hormone called auxin, which is produced in the apical bud and transported downwards.

Explanation:

Importance of Apical Dominance:
- Apical dominance plays a crucial role in the overall architecture and growth pattern of a plant.
- It ensures that the plant allocates its resources efficiently towards the growth of the main stem, allowing it to become taller and stronger.
- By inhibiting the growth of lateral buds, apical dominance promotes vertical growth and prevents the plant from becoming bushy.

Role of Auxin:
- Auxin is a plant hormone that is mainly synthesized in the apical bud and transported downwards through the stem.
- It inhibits the growth of lateral buds by suppressing their development and elongation.
- Auxin accomplishes this by promoting the production of specific proteins that restrict the growth of lateral buds.

Transport of Auxin:
- Auxin is transported from the apical bud towards the base of the plant through a process known as polar auxin transport.
- This transport occurs in the vascular tissue of the stem, primarily through the phloem.
- The movement of auxin is facilitated by specialized proteins called PIN proteins, which actively transport auxin from cell to cell.

Effects on Lateral Buds:
- As auxin is transported downward, it accumulates in higher concentrations at the base of the plant.
- The high concentration of auxin inhibits the growth of lateral buds by suppressing the production of proteins necessary for their elongation.
- This inhibition prevents lateral buds from developing into branches, allowing the apical bud to maintain dominance.

Modifiers of Apical Dominance:
- The strength of apical dominance can be influenced by various factors such as light, nutrients, and pruning.
- Light, especially from the sides, can weaken apical dominance and promote lateral bud growth.
- Nutrient availability also affects the strength of apical dominance, with deficiencies in certain nutrients causing a reduction in dominance.
- Pruning the apical bud can release the lateral buds from inhibition and stimulate their growth.

In summary, apical dominance is a process in plants where the main stem's growth is favored over lateral buds. This phenomenon is regulated by the hormone auxin, which is produced in the apical bud and transported downwards, inhibiting the growth of lateral buds. Apical dominance plays a crucial role in shaping the plant's architecture and can be influenced by factors like light, nutrients, and pruning.

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