Oesophagus is a long tube like structure which is extended from the pharynx to stomach. The food goes from the pharynx to the stomach by a movement known as peristalsis movement.

The oesophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach in vertebrates. It is an important part of the digestive system and plays a crucial role in the process of swallowing food. The oesophagus is also known as the gullet or the food pipe.

Structure of Oesophagus

The oesophagus is a muscular tube that is approximately 25 cm long and 2 cm in diameter. It is located behind the trachea (windpipe) and in front of the spine. The oesophagus is divided into three parts:

1. Upper oesophagus: This is the part of the oesophagus that is closest to the mouth and is made up of skeletal muscle.

2. Middle oesophagus: This part of the oesophagus is made up of a combination of skeletal and smooth muscle.

3. Lower oesophagus: This is the part of the oesophagus that is closest to the stomach and is made up of smooth muscle.

Function of Oesophagus

The oesophagus plays a crucial role in the process of swallowing food. The process of swallowing involves three stages:

1. Oral stage: This is the first stage of swallowing and involves the formation of a bolus (a ball of food) in the mouth.

2. Pharyngeal stage: This is the second stage of swallowing and involves the movement of the bolus into the back of the throat and the closure of the airway to prevent food from entering the lungs.

3. Oesophageal stage: This is the third stage of swallowing and involves the movement of the bolus down the oesophagus and into the stomach.

Disorders of Oesophagus

There are several disorders that can affect the oesophagus, including:

1. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

2. Oesophageal stricture

3. Achalasia

4. Oesophageal cancer

Treatment for disorders of the oesophagus depends on the specific disorder and may include lifestyle changes, medication, or surgery.

Conclusion

The oesophagus is an important part of the digestive system that plays a crucial role in the process of swallowing food. It is a muscular tube that is approximately 25 cm long and is divided into three parts. Disorders of the oesophagus can affect its function and may require treatment.