What are catalysts?give examples?

Question

Answer

Catalysts r substance whiCh help reaction to proceed at a different rate without rhe reaction its self being eFfected.........EX-- Haber's process in the manufacturing of (nh3) , or Fe metal is used as catalyst ....ts increase the rate of reaction....hope it'll be help U ....

Answer

#) catalyst are those substance which inhibits or booots the chemical reaction
#) for any reaction different different catalyst are used
#) nickel palladium are some of it's examples
#) catalyst don't mix up in the reaction they only promotes or inhibits the speed of chemical reaction

Answer

A substance which when used in small amount in reactions modifies the rate of a reactionwithout being consumed in the reaction itself is known as a catalyst and this phenomenon is known as Catalysis.  In simple catalyst means which alters the rate of reaction.    examples are: Nickel catalyst during hydrogenation reaction. Potassium permanganate during the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to produce water and oxygen.

Answer

Catalysts r the substances which speed up the reactions taking place in our body without involving in the reaction

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Oooh nyc ans thanksss

Answer

Catalysts: Accelerating Chemical Reactions

Catalysts are substances that accelerate the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. They work by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy for the reaction to occur. This allows the reaction to proceed at a faster rate under milder conditions. Catalysts play a crucial role in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, and environmental applications.

Examples of Catalysts:
1. Enzymes: Enzymes are biological catalysts found in living organisms. They facilitate a wide range of biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. For example, digestive enzymes like amylase help break down carbohydrates into simpler sugars during digestion.

2. Transition Metal Catalysts: Transition metals and their compounds are commonly used as catalysts in industrial processes. For instance, platinum and palladium catalysts are employed in catalytic converters to convert harmful gases from vehicle exhausts into less toxic substances.

3. Zeolites: Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicate minerals with a porous structure. They are widely used as catalysts in the petrochemical industry for processes such as cracking and isomerization. Zeolites provide a suitable environment for reactant molecules to react effectively, enhancing reaction rates.

4. Homogeneous Catalysts: Homogeneous catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants. For example, transition metal complexes like Wilkinson's catalyst (RhCl(PPh3)3) are used in catalytic hydrogenation reactions. They can interact with the reactants more efficiently and control the reaction pathway.

5. Heterogeneous Catalysts: Heterogeneous catalysts are in a different phase than the reactants, typically as a solid catalyst in a gaseous or liquid reaction mixture. For instance, the iron catalyst in the Haber-Bosch process plays a crucial role in ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen gases.

How Catalysts Work:
Catalysts work by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction with a lower activation energy. They achieve this through several mechanisms, including:

1. Adsorption: The reactant molecules adsorb onto the catalyst surface, weakening chemical bonds and facilitating the reaction.

2. Active Sites: Catalysts have specific active sites where the reactant molecules bind and undergo chemical transformations.

3. Reaction Intermediates: Catalysts may form intermediate compounds with the reactants, which then proceed to form the desired products.

4. Regeneration: Catalysts can undergo reversible reactions with the reactants, allowing them to regenerate and continue catalyzing the reaction.

Conclusion:
Catalysts are substances that accelerate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. They play a vital role in various industries and natural processes. Enzymes, transition metals, zeolites, and homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are some examples. Understanding the mechanisms by which catalysts function allows scientists to design more efficient catalysts for a wide range of applications.

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