Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal mechanism that allows any member of the public, including individuals or non-governmental organizations (NGOs), to approach the court for the enforcement of public interest or for the prevention of violation of rights. It is a tool that empowers citizens to seek legal remedies for issues of public concern or matters affecting a large section of society.

Background and Evolution of PIL
Public Interest Litigation originated in the United States as a means to provide legal representation to marginalized groups and individuals who couldn't afford access to justice. In India, PIL was introduced in the early 1980s to address the issues of social justice and public interest. It was primarily aimed at giving a voice to the voiceless and ensuring justice for the underprivileged sections of society.

Key Features of PIL
- Public Interest: PIL involves matters of public interest, where the rights of a large number of people or a marginalized section of society are affected.
- Access to Justice: It allows anyone, including individuals or NGOs, to approach the court as a "public interest litigant" and seek legal remedies on behalf of the affected party.
- Broad Interpretation of Locus Standi: PIL relaxes the traditional requirement of locus standi, which means a direct personal interest in the case. In PIL, any concerned person can file a petition on behalf of others or for the general public.
- Judicial Activism: PIL encourages the judiciary to take an active role in promoting social justice and protecting the rights of the people. The court acts as a guardian of the Constitution and ensures that the government and other authorities act in the best interest of the public.

Objective of PIL
The objective of Public Interest Litigation is to:
- Protect and enforce fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution.
- Promote social justice and equality.
- Prevent the abuse of power by the government or any authority.
- Address issues of public concern that would otherwise go unnoticed or unresolved.

Conclusion
Public Interest Litigation has been instrumental in bringing about significant social and legal reforms in India. It has empowered citizens to raise their voice against injustice, bring transparency to governance, and ensure the protection of fundamental rights. PIL has played a crucial role in shaping the Indian judicial system and making it more responsive to the needs and concerns of the people.