New forms of popular literature, targeting new audience at the end of the 18th century, were:

a) Romances, histories, almanacs, ballads, and folktales for entertainment:
- During the late 18th century, new forms of popular literature emerged to cater to the changing tastes and interests of the audience.
- Romances, histories, almanacs, ballads, and folktales became popular forms of entertainment literature.
- Romances were fictional stories that often revolved around love, adventure, and heroic deeds.
- Histories provided readers with accounts of past events, often focusing on the lives of famous figures.
- Almanacs were annual publications that included useful information like weather forecasts, planting calendars, and astrological predictions.
- Ballads were narrative poems or songs that told stories of heroism, tragedy, or love.
- Folktales were traditional stories passed down through generations, often involving mythical creatures and moral lessons.
- These forms of literature captivated readers and provided them with entertainment and escapism from their everyday lives.

b) Newspapers and journals combining current affairs (wars and trade) with entertainment:
- Another new form of popular literature that emerged at the end of the 18th century was newspapers and journals.
- Newspapers became increasingly popular as they provided readers with up-to-date information on current affairs such as wars, trade, politics, and social events.
- These newspapers often combined news with entertainment content like stories, poetry, and serialized novels.
- Journals, on the other hand, focused more on specific subjects like science, literature, or politics, but they also included entertainment elements to attract a wider audience.
- The inclusion of entertainment content in newspapers and journals helped to engage readers and make the information more accessible and enjoyable.

c) Ideas of scientists and philosophers included in popular literature:
- The end of the 18th century also saw a shift in popular literature towards the inclusion of ideas from scientists and philosophers.
- The Enlightenment period had sparked an interest in science, reason, and philosophy among the masses.
- Popular literature began incorporating these ideas, making them more accessible to a wider audience.
- Scientific theories, philosophical concepts, and debates were often presented in a simplified manner, allowing readers to engage with complex ideas.
- This inclusion of intellectual content in popular literature helped to educate and inform the readers, expanding their knowledge and understanding of the world.

d) All the above:
- The correct answer is option 'D' because all of the mentioned forms of popular literature emerged at the end of the 18th century to target new audiences.
- Romances, histories, almanacs, ballads, and folktales provided entertainment and escapism.
- Newspapers and journals combined current affairs with entertainment.
- The ideas of scientists and philosophers were included in popular literature, making intellectual content accessible to a wider audience.
- These new forms of literature reflected the changing interests and tastes of the readers at the time and played a significant role in shaping popular culture during the late 18th century.