Special Status of Jammu and Kashmir
The correct answer is C: Jammu and Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir, a state in northern India, has a special status within the Indian Constitution. Here are the key points regarding its special status:
1. Article 370: Jammu and Kashmir's special status is primarily derived from Article 370 of the Indian Constitution. This article grants the state considerable autonomy in several areas, including legislation and governance.
2. Separate Constitution: Jammu and Kashmir has its own separate constitution, which was adopted in 1956. This constitution defines the powers and functions of the state government, as well as the rights and privileges of its residents.
3. Autonomous Powers: The state of Jammu and Kashmir has the power to make its own laws on all matters, except for defense, foreign affairs, finance, and communications. The state legislature has the authority to enact laws and regulations within its jurisdiction.
4. Residency Laws: Jammu and Kashmir has specific residency laws that restrict non-residents from owning land or property in the state. These laws aim to protect the cultural and demographic identity of the region.
5. Separate Flag and Governor: Jammu and Kashmir has its own state flag, in addition to the national flag of India. The state also has a separate governor, who has certain powers and responsibilities specific to the state.
6. Special Provision for Permanent Residents: The state of Jammu and Kashmir has a provision that grants special rights and privileges to its permanent residents. These include the right to own property, access to education and employment opportunities, and eligibility for various welfare schemes.
It is important to note that the special status of Jammu and Kashmir has been a subject of debate and discussion in recent years. The Indian government revoked certain provisions of Article 370 in August 2019, leading to significant changes in the governance and administration of the state.