- Concurrent list: This list includes subjects on which both the Union and State governments can make laws and exercise authority. Some examples of subjects in the concurrent list are criminal law, bankruptcy and insolvency, marriage and divorce, adoption, and education.
- Joint endeavors: Certain subjects require collaboration and cooperation between the Union and State governments. These joint endeavors include infrastructure development, disaster management, environmental protection, and economic planning.
- Interstate water disputes: Water is a shared resource, and disputes related to inter-state rivers and water resources require the involvement of both the Union and State governments. Resolving these disputes and managing water resources collectively is of common interest.
- Security and defense: The Union government is primarily responsible for national security and defense, but the State governments also play a crucial role in maintaining law and order within their respective states. Cooperation and coordination between the Union and State governments are essential for ensuring a secure and peaceful environment.
- Economic policies and development: Both the Union and State governments have a shared interest in promoting economic growth and development. They collaborate on policies related to taxation, investment promotion, infrastructure development, and industrialization to achieve common goals.
- Social welfare: The Union and State governments work together to implement social welfare schemes and programs for the benefit of the citizens. This includes areas such as healthcare, education, poverty alleviation, and rural development.
- Disaster management: During natural disasters or emergencies, the Union and State governments collaborate to ensure effective disaster management and relief operations. This includes coordination in terms of rescue efforts, relief distribution, and rehabilitation of affected individuals.
- International relations: While foreign policy is primarily the responsibility of the Union government, the State governments also play a role in promoting trade, cultural exchange, and investment in their respective states. Cooperation between the Union and State governments is crucial for effective international relations.