Soaps:
Soaps are chemically known as fatty acid salts. They are composed of a long hydrocarbon chain (usually derived from fats or oils) and a carboxylate group (-COO-) at the end. This carboxylate group makes soaps water-soluble.

Synthetic Detergents:
Synthetic detergents, on the other hand, are chemically known as alkylbenzenesulfonates. They are manufactured using petroleum-based chemicals. Synthetic detergents are generally more soluble in water than soaps and have better cleaning properties.

Differences between Soaps and Synthetic Detergents:
1. Chemical Composition: Soaps are made from natural fats and oils, while synthetic detergents are made from petroleum-based chemicals.
2. Solubility: Soaps are less soluble in water compared to synthetic detergents.
3. Formation of Scum: Soaps form scum in hard water due to the reaction between calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water with the carboxylate ions of the soap. Synthetic detergents do not form scum in hard water.
4. Cleaning Properties: Synthetic detergents have better cleaning properties compared to soaps. They can easily remove oil, grease, and dirt from surfaces.
5. pH Level: Soaps are alkaline in nature, whereas synthetic detergents can be either acidic, neutral, or alkaline depending on their composition.

Uses of Soaps:
1. Personal Hygiene: Soaps are widely used for personal hygiene, including bathing and handwashing.
2. Laundry: Soaps are used for washing clothes to remove dirt, stains, and oil.
3. Dishwashing: Soaps are used for washing dishes to remove grease and food particles.
4. Cleaning: Soaps are used for general cleaning purposes, such as cleaning surfaces, floors, and bathrooms.

Uses of Synthetic Detergents:
1. Laundry: Synthetic detergents are commonly used for washing clothes, especially in areas with hard water, as they do not form scum.
2. Dishwashing: Synthetic detergents are used for cleaning dishes, utensils, and kitchenware.
3. Cleaning Agents: Synthetic detergents are used as cleaning agents for various surfaces, including floors, walls, and appliances.
4. Industrial Applications: Synthetic detergents are used in various industries for cleaning and degreasing purposes, such as in automotive, textile, and manufacturing industries.

In conclusion, soaps and synthetic detergents have different chemical compositions, solubility, cleaning properties, and uses. Soaps are derived from natural fats and oils, while synthetic detergents are made from petroleum-based chemicals. Soaps are less soluble in water and can form scum in hard water, while synthetic detergents are more soluble and do not form scum. Synthetic detergents have better cleaning properties and are widely used in laundry, dishwashing, and cleaning applications.