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Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:
The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 authorizes law enforcement agencies to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples of convicts and other persons to identify and investigate criminal matters. The Act repeals the existing “The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920”, which authorizes the police to collect finger and footprint impressions and photographs.mNational Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is empowered to collect the record of measurements from the State Government or Union territory Administration or any other law enforcement agencies. It shall store, preserve and destroy the record of measurements at the national level. The magistrate is empowered to direct a person to give measurements for the purpose of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or any other law for the time being in force. The police officer or prison officer is empowered to take measurements if any person resists or refuses to allow the taking of such measurements. The Central Government or the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.
Any person convicted, arrested or held under any preventive detention law is required to provide “measurements” to a police officer or a prison official. The record of these measurements will be retained in digital or electronic form for a period of 75 years from the date of collection. The records are to be destroyed in case any person, who has not been previously convicted of an offence punishable under any law with imprisonment for any term and had his/her measurements taken according to the provisions of this Act, is released without trial or discharged or acquitted by the court, after exhausting all legal remedies.
Q. A collective of advocates for civil liberties submitted a petition to the High Court, contesting the constitutionality of the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022. Their contention is centered on the assertion that the Act infringes upon the fundamental right to privacy, as safeguarded by the Indian Constitution. Among the following options, which one most effectively bolsters the activists' position?
  • a)
    Under the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022, law enforcement authorities are permitted to gather and retain physical and biological specimens from individuals, regardless of whether they have a prior criminal record, for a duration spanning 75 years.
  • b)
    The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 lacks any specified directives regarding the utilization of the gathered samples and the parties with access to them.
  • c)
    The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 does not necessitate law enforcement agencies to secure a warrant or judicial authorization before procuring an individual's measurements.
  • d)
    The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 fails to establish protective measures against the potential misapplication or exploitation of the gathered samples by law enforcement entities.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questio...
Understanding the Answer: Option A
The effectiveness of option A in bolstering the advocates' position against the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022, lies in its direct implications for individual privacy rights.
Key Points Supporting Option A:
- Collection of Samples: The Act allows law enforcement agencies to collect and retain physical and biological specimens from individuals, even if they have no prior criminal record. This broad scope raises significant concerns regarding privacy, as it means that innocent individuals can be subjected to invasive procedures without cause.
- Duration of Retention: The retention of these samples for a staggering 75 years further intensifies privacy issues. Such a long retention period means that individuals' biological data could be stored indefinitely, increasing the risk of misuse or unauthorized access.
- Infringement of Privacy Rights: The collection and prolonged retention of personal biological data without a prior conviction or sufficient justification infringes upon the fundamental right to privacy as guaranteed by the Indian Constitution. This aligns with the advocates' contention that the Act violates individual liberties.
Comparison with Other Options:
- While options B, C, and D raise valid concerns regarding the usage, warrant requirements, and protective measures of the Act, they do not encapsulate the direct and broad infringement on privacy as clearly as option A does.
In summary, option A effectively articulates the foundational argument against the Act by highlighting the invasive collection and extended retention of personal data from individuals lacking a criminal background, thereby aligning with the advocates' concerns regarding privacy rights.
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Community Answer
Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questio...
The activists contend that the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 runs afoul of the fundamental right to privacy enshrined in the Indian Constitution. Their argument stems from the Act's provisions, which grant law enforcement authorities the authority to amass and retain physical and biological samples from any individual, irrespective of their criminal history, for an extensive 75-year duration. This effectively implies that even individuals who are innocent of any wrongdoing may have their personal information preserved for an extended period, a scenario that could be construed as a breach of their right to privacy. While options B, C, and D do raise pertinent concerns, they do not directly lend support to the activists' assertion that the Act infringes upon the right to privacy.
Hence, option A is correct.
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Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 authorizes law enforcement agencies to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples of convicts and other persons to identify and investigate criminal matters. The Act repeals the existing “The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920”, which authorizes the police to collect finger and footprint impressions and photographs.mNational Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is empowered to collect the record of measurements from the State Government or Union territory Administration or any other law enforcement agencies. It shall store, preserve and destroy the record of measurements at the national level. The magistrate is empowered to direct a person to give measurements for the purpose of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or any other law for the time being in force. The police officer or prison officer is empowered to take measurements if any person resists or refuses to allow the taking of such measurements. The Central Government or the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.Any person convicted, arrested or held under any preventive detention law is required to provide “measurements” to a police officer or a prison official. The record of these measurements will be retained in digital or electronic form for a period of 75 years from the date of collection. The records are to be destroyed in case any person, who has not been previously convicted of an offence punishable under any law with imprisonment for any term and had his/her measurements taken according to the provisions of this Act, is released without trial or discharged or acquitted by the court, after exhausting all legal remedies.Q.What was the primary purpose of the Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920, which was repealed by the new Act?

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.The Kerala High Court recently clarified that under Section 5 of the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022, a magistrate can direct a person accused in a criminal case to give samples of signatures and handwriting, even if such person has not been arrested. [Faizal KV v State of Kerala & Anr.]. Justice Raja Vijayaraghanav V made the observation while upholding a magistrate court order by which an accused, who was out on anticipatory bail, was ordered to furnish his handwriting sample in connection with a forgery case. The 2022 Act attaches criminal liability for resistance or refusal by any person to allow taking measurements. As per Section 6 of the 2022 Act, resistance or refusal shall be deemed to be an offence under Section 186 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 which provides punishment for obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions, wherein the person may be imprisoned for a term which may extend to 3 months or with fine which may extend to INR 500 or both. The 2022 Act covers the collection of measurements not only from convicted persons but also persons under preventive detention or arrested for any punishable offence. The 2022 Act authorizes the police or prison officials to compel a person to give measurements. In order to aid in an investigation or proceeding under the CRPC, the 2022 Act empowers a Magistrate to pass an order directing any person to give measurements.Q.Nisha has been detained by police after being arrested as a suspect in a criminal case. To help with the investigation, the investigating officer needs a sample of Nishas handwriting. Which statute allows the officer to force Nisha to submit a sample of her handwriting?

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.It has been repeatedly held that the PMLA (Prevention of Money Laundering Act) is a sui generis legislation, enacted to tackle money laundering through white-collar crimes. According to Section 3 of the PMLA, the act of projecting or claiming proceeds of crime to be untainted property constitutes the offense of money laundering. Under the Schedule to the PMLA, a number of offenses under the Indian Penal Code and other special statutes have been included, which serve as the basis for the offense of money laundering. In other words, the existence of predicate offense is sine qua non to charge someone with money laundering. It is crucial to note that the investigation and prosecution of the predicate offense are done typically by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) or the State Police.Section 50 of the PMLA provides powers of a civil court to the ED authorities for summoning persons suspected of money laundering and recording statements. However, the Supreme Court held that ED authorities are not police officers. It observed in Vijay Madanlal Choudhary v. Union of India (2022) that “the process envisaged by Section 50 of the PMLA is in the nature of an inquiry against the proceeds of crime and is not ‘investigation’ in strict sense of the term for initiating prosecution.” There are other dissimilarities between ED authorities and the police. While the police are required to register a First Information Report (FIR) for a cognizable offense before conducting an investigation, ED authorities begin with search procedures and undertake their investigation for the purpose of gathering materials and tracing the ‘proceeds of crime’ by issuing summons. Any statement made by an accused to the police is inadmissible as evidence in court, whereas a statement made to an ED authority is admissible. A copy of the FIR is accessible to the accused, whereas the Enforcement Case Information Report is seldom available.While the police investigating the predicate offense are empowered to arrest and seek custody of the accused, the ED is meant to focus on recovering the proceeds of crime in order to redistribute the same to victims. It is not clear whether the ED has managed to do this. Per contra, the Proceeds of Crime Act, 2002, the analogous legislation in the U.K., almost entirely concentrates on the confiscation of assets through dedicated civil proceedings. Unfortunately, of late, much of the ED’s powers have been discharged in effecting pretrial arrests, which used to be the prerogative of the police investigating the predicate offence. In the past, the CBI was used to impart fear among political opponents. In the process, the agency received the condemnation of various courts and earned the nickname “caged parrot”. Whether the ED will go down the same path or reorient its approach will entirely depend on the intervention of the country’s constitutional courts.Q.Which of the following is not the appropriate cause-and-effect relationship in the passages context?

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.It has been repeatedly held that the PMLA (Prevention of Money Laundering Act) is a sui generis legislation, enacted to tackle money laundering through white-collar crimes. According to Section 3 of the PMLA, the act of projecting or claiming proceeds of crime to be untainted property constitutes the offense of money laundering. Under the Schedule to the PMLA, a number of offenses under the Indian Penal Code and other special statutes have been included, which serve as the basis for the offense of money laundering. In other words, the existence of predicate offense is sine qua non to charge someone with money laundering. It is crucial to note that the investigation and prosecution of the predicate offense are done typically by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) or the State Police.Section 50 of the PMLA provides powers of a civil court to the ED authorities for summoning persons suspected of money laundering and recording statements. However, the Supreme Court held that ED authorities are not police officers. It observed in Vijay Madanlal Choudhary v. Union of India (2022) that “the process envisaged by Section 50 of the PMLA is in the nature of an inquiry against the proceeds of crime and is not ‘investigation’ in strict sense of the term for initiating prosecution.” There are other dissimilarities between ED authorities and the police. While the police are required to register a First Information Report (FIR) for a cognizable offense before conducting an investigation, ED authorities begin with search procedures and undertake their investigation for the purpose of gathering materials and tracing the ‘proceeds of crime’ by issuing summons. Any statement made by an accused to the police is inadmissible as evidence in court, whereas a statement made to an ED authority is admissible. A copy of the FIR is accessible to the accused, whereas the Enforcement Case Information Report is seldom available.While the police investigating the predicate offense are empowered to arrest and seek custody of the accused, the ED is meant to focus on recovering the proceeds of crime in order to redistribute the same to victims. It is not clear whether the ED has managed to do this. Per contra, the Proceeds of Crime Act, 2002, the analogous legislation in the U.K., almost entirely concentrates on the confiscation of assets through dedicated civil proceedings. Unfortunately, of late, much of the ED’s powers have been discharged in effecting pretrial arrests, which used to be the prerogative of the police investigating the predicate offence. In the past, the CBI was used to impart fear among political opponents. In the process, the agency received the condemnation of various courts and earned the nickname “caged parrot”. Whether the ED will go down the same path or reorient its approach will entirely depend on the intervention of the country’s constitutional courts.Q.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a key difference between ED authorities and the police in their approach to investigations?

Justice S. Muralidhar – who until February 25, 2020 was at the Delhi High Court before being transferred to the Punjab and Haryana High Court – on February 24, 2020 reminded the police that it must act in line with the Lalita Kumari guidelines. The court was hearing a case about registering FIRs against BJP leaders Anurag Thakur, Parvesh Verma and Kapil Mishra, and others who made alleged hate speeches that may have incited violence in the national capital.A by-product of the decision in Lalita Kumari v. Government of UP & Others (2013), the Supreme Court established the Lalita Kumari guidelines which are a mandatory set of directions to be followed by the police when someone seeks to register a complaint. The guidelines lay down that the registration of an FIR (First Information Report) is binding under Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) if the complaint discloses commission of a cognizable offence, with no requirement for a preliminary investigation.A cognizable offence is one where the police are authorised to start an investigation or make an arrest without court authorisation. Inflammatory speech – covered by Section 153 and Section 505 (2) of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) – is a cognizable offence.Even if the police felt that the complaints against Mishra and other BJP leaders did not reveal a cognizable offence, the guidelines oblige them to conduct a preliminary inquiry to determine whether the offence is cognizable or not. The scope of such an inquiry is not to authenticate the facts of the complaint, but only to confirm whether the offence alleged is cognizable. The preliminary inquiry has to be concluded within a week.If the inquiry reveals the commission of a cognizable offence, the police must register an FIR. Strict action must be implemented against officers who do not register the FIR, the guidelines say. However, in cases where the preliminary inquiry results in closing the complaint, the complainant must be informed in writing about the reasons for this within a week.Q. Consider that in the factual scenario presented in the previous question, the police registers an FIR and makes a preliminary inquiry and comes to the conclusion that the offence committed was not a cognizable one. It shuts the case. Has the police followed all the requirements of the Lalita Kumari guidelines?

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Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 authorizes law enforcement agencies to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples of convicts and other persons to identify and investigate criminal matters. The Act repeals the existing “The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920”, which authorizes the police to collect finger and footprint impressions and photographs.mNational Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is empowered to collect the record of measurements from the State Government or Union territory Administration or any other law enforcement agencies. It shall store, preserve and destroy the record of measurements at the national level. The magistrate is empowered to direct a person to give measurements for the purpose of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or any other law for the time being in force. The police officer or prison officer is empowered to take measurements if any person resists or refuses to allow the taking of such measurements. The Central Government or the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.Any person convicted, arrested or held under any preventive detention law is required to provide “measurements” to a police officer or a prison official. The record of these measurements will be retained in digital or electronic form for a period of 75 years from the date of collection. The records are to be destroyed in case any person, who has not been previously convicted of an offence punishable under any law with imprisonment for any term and had his/her measurements taken according to the provisions of this Act, is released without trial or discharged or acquitted by the court, after exhausting all legal remedies.Q.A collective of advocates for civil liberties submitted a petition to the High Court, contesting the constitutionality of the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022. Their contention is centered on the assertion that the Act infringes upon the fundamental right to privacy, as safeguarded by the Indian Constitution. Among the following options, which one most effectively bolsters the activists position?a)Under the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022, law enforcement authorities are permitted to gather and retain physical and biological specimens from individuals, regardless of whether they have a prior criminal record, for a duration spanning 75 years.b)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 lacks any specified directives regarding the utilization of the gathered samples and the parties with access to them.c)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 does not necessitate law enforcement agencies to secure a warrant or judicial authorization before procuring an individuals measurements.d)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 fails to establish protective measures against the potential misapplication or exploitation of the gathered samples by law enforcement entities.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 authorizes law enforcement agencies to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples of convicts and other persons to identify and investigate criminal matters. The Act repeals the existing “The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920”, which authorizes the police to collect finger and footprint impressions and photographs.mNational Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is empowered to collect the record of measurements from the State Government or Union territory Administration or any other law enforcement agencies. It shall store, preserve and destroy the record of measurements at the national level. The magistrate is empowered to direct a person to give measurements for the purpose of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or any other law for the time being in force. The police officer or prison officer is empowered to take measurements if any person resists or refuses to allow the taking of such measurements. The Central Government or the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.Any person convicted, arrested or held under any preventive detention law is required to provide “measurements” to a police officer or a prison official. The record of these measurements will be retained in digital or electronic form for a period of 75 years from the date of collection. The records are to be destroyed in case any person, who has not been previously convicted of an offence punishable under any law with imprisonment for any term and had his/her measurements taken according to the provisions of this Act, is released without trial or discharged or acquitted by the court, after exhausting all legal remedies.Q.A collective of advocates for civil liberties submitted a petition to the High Court, contesting the constitutionality of the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022. Their contention is centered on the assertion that the Act infringes upon the fundamental right to privacy, as safeguarded by the Indian Constitution. Among the following options, which one most effectively bolsters the activists position?a)Under the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022, law enforcement authorities are permitted to gather and retain physical and biological specimens from individuals, regardless of whether they have a prior criminal record, for a duration spanning 75 years.b)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 lacks any specified directives regarding the utilization of the gathered samples and the parties with access to them.c)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 does not necessitate law enforcement agencies to secure a warrant or judicial authorization before procuring an individuals measurements.d)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 fails to establish protective measures against the potential misapplication or exploitation of the gathered samples by law enforcement entities.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for CLAT 2024 is part of CLAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CLAT exam syllabus. Information about Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 authorizes law enforcement agencies to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples of convicts and other persons to identify and investigate criminal matters. The Act repeals the existing “The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920”, which authorizes the police to collect finger and footprint impressions and photographs.mNational Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is empowered to collect the record of measurements from the State Government or Union territory Administration or any other law enforcement agencies. It shall store, preserve and destroy the record of measurements at the national level. The magistrate is empowered to direct a person to give measurements for the purpose of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or any other law for the time being in force. The police officer or prison officer is empowered to take measurements if any person resists or refuses to allow the taking of such measurements. The Central Government or the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.Any person convicted, arrested or held under any preventive detention law is required to provide “measurements” to a police officer or a prison official. The record of these measurements will be retained in digital or electronic form for a period of 75 years from the date of collection. The records are to be destroyed in case any person, who has not been previously convicted of an offence punishable under any law with imprisonment for any term and had his/her measurements taken according to the provisions of this Act, is released without trial or discharged or acquitted by the court, after exhausting all legal remedies.Q.A collective of advocates for civil liberties submitted a petition to the High Court, contesting the constitutionality of the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022. Their contention is centered on the assertion that the Act infringes upon the fundamental right to privacy, as safeguarded by the Indian Constitution. Among the following options, which one most effectively bolsters the activists position?a)Under the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022, law enforcement authorities are permitted to gather and retain physical and biological specimens from individuals, regardless of whether they have a prior criminal record, for a duration spanning 75 years.b)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 lacks any specified directives regarding the utilization of the gathered samples and the parties with access to them.c)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 does not necessitate law enforcement agencies to secure a warrant or judicial authorization before procuring an individuals measurements.d)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 fails to establish protective measures against the potential misapplication or exploitation of the gathered samples by law enforcement entities.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CLAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 authorizes law enforcement agencies to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples of convicts and other persons to identify and investigate criminal matters. The Act repeals the existing “The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920”, which authorizes the police to collect finger and footprint impressions and photographs.mNational Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is empowered to collect the record of measurements from the State Government or Union territory Administration or any other law enforcement agencies. It shall store, preserve and destroy the record of measurements at the national level. The magistrate is empowered to direct a person to give measurements for the purpose of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or any other law for the time being in force. The police officer or prison officer is empowered to take measurements if any person resists or refuses to allow the taking of such measurements. The Central Government or the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.Any person convicted, arrested or held under any preventive detention law is required to provide “measurements” to a police officer or a prison official. The record of these measurements will be retained in digital or electronic form for a period of 75 years from the date of collection. The records are to be destroyed in case any person, who has not been previously convicted of an offence punishable under any law with imprisonment for any term and had his/her measurements taken according to the provisions of this Act, is released without trial or discharged or acquitted by the court, after exhausting all legal remedies.Q.A collective of advocates for civil liberties submitted a petition to the High Court, contesting the constitutionality of the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022. Their contention is centered on the assertion that the Act infringes upon the fundamental right to privacy, as safeguarded by the Indian Constitution. Among the following options, which one most effectively bolsters the activists position?a)Under the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022, law enforcement authorities are permitted to gather and retain physical and biological specimens from individuals, regardless of whether they have a prior criminal record, for a duration spanning 75 years.b)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 lacks any specified directives regarding the utilization of the gathered samples and the parties with access to them.c)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 does not necessitate law enforcement agencies to secure a warrant or judicial authorization before procuring an individuals measurements.d)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 fails to establish protective measures against the potential misapplication or exploitation of the gathered samples by law enforcement entities.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 authorizes law enforcement agencies to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples of convicts and other persons to identify and investigate criminal matters. The Act repeals the existing “The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920”, which authorizes the police to collect finger and footprint impressions and photographs.mNational Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is empowered to collect the record of measurements from the State Government or Union territory Administration or any other law enforcement agencies. It shall store, preserve and destroy the record of measurements at the national level. The magistrate is empowered to direct a person to give measurements for the purpose of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or any other law for the time being in force. The police officer or prison officer is empowered to take measurements if any person resists or refuses to allow the taking of such measurements. The Central Government or the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.Any person convicted, arrested or held under any preventive detention law is required to provide “measurements” to a police officer or a prison official. The record of these measurements will be retained in digital or electronic form for a period of 75 years from the date of collection. The records are to be destroyed in case any person, who has not been previously convicted of an offence punishable under any law with imprisonment for any term and had his/her measurements taken according to the provisions of this Act, is released without trial or discharged or acquitted by the court, after exhausting all legal remedies.Q.A collective of advocates for civil liberties submitted a petition to the High Court, contesting the constitutionality of the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022. Their contention is centered on the assertion that the Act infringes upon the fundamental right to privacy, as safeguarded by the Indian Constitution. Among the following options, which one most effectively bolsters the activists position?a)Under the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022, law enforcement authorities are permitted to gather and retain physical and biological specimens from individuals, regardless of whether they have a prior criminal record, for a duration spanning 75 years.b)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 lacks any specified directives regarding the utilization of the gathered samples and the parties with access to them.c)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 does not necessitate law enforcement agencies to secure a warrant or judicial authorization before procuring an individuals measurements.d)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 fails to establish protective measures against the potential misapplication or exploitation of the gathered samples by law enforcement entities.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CLAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CLAT Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 authorizes law enforcement agencies to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples of convicts and other persons to identify and investigate criminal matters. The Act repeals the existing “The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920”, which authorizes the police to collect finger and footprint impressions and photographs.mNational Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is empowered to collect the record of measurements from the State Government or Union territory Administration or any other law enforcement agencies. It shall store, preserve and destroy the record of measurements at the national level. The magistrate is empowered to direct a person to give measurements for the purpose of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or any other law for the time being in force. The police officer or prison officer is empowered to take measurements if any person resists or refuses to allow the taking of such measurements. The Central Government or the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.Any person convicted, arrested or held under any preventive detention law is required to provide “measurements” to a police officer or a prison official. The record of these measurements will be retained in digital or electronic form for a period of 75 years from the date of collection. The records are to be destroyed in case any person, who has not been previously convicted of an offence punishable under any law with imprisonment for any term and had his/her measurements taken according to the provisions of this Act, is released without trial or discharged or acquitted by the court, after exhausting all legal remedies.Q.A collective of advocates for civil liberties submitted a petition to the High Court, contesting the constitutionality of the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022. Their contention is centered on the assertion that the Act infringes upon the fundamental right to privacy, as safeguarded by the Indian Constitution. Among the following options, which one most effectively bolsters the activists position?a)Under the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022, law enforcement authorities are permitted to gather and retain physical and biological specimens from individuals, regardless of whether they have a prior criminal record, for a duration spanning 75 years.b)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 lacks any specified directives regarding the utilization of the gathered samples and the parties with access to them.c)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 does not necessitate law enforcement agencies to secure a warrant or judicial authorization before procuring an individuals measurements.d)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 fails to establish protective measures against the potential misapplication or exploitation of the gathered samples by law enforcement entities.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 authorizes law enforcement agencies to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples of convicts and other persons to identify and investigate criminal matters. The Act repeals the existing “The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920”, which authorizes the police to collect finger and footprint impressions and photographs.mNational Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is empowered to collect the record of measurements from the State Government or Union territory Administration or any other law enforcement agencies. It shall store, preserve and destroy the record of measurements at the national level. The magistrate is empowered to direct a person to give measurements for the purpose of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or any other law for the time being in force. The police officer or prison officer is empowered to take measurements if any person resists or refuses to allow the taking of such measurements. The Central Government or the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.Any person convicted, arrested or held under any preventive detention law is required to provide “measurements” to a police officer or a prison official. The record of these measurements will be retained in digital or electronic form for a period of 75 years from the date of collection. The records are to be destroyed in case any person, who has not been previously convicted of an offence punishable under any law with imprisonment for any term and had his/her measurements taken according to the provisions of this Act, is released without trial or discharged or acquitted by the court, after exhausting all legal remedies.Q.A collective of advocates for civil liberties submitted a petition to the High Court, contesting the constitutionality of the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022. Their contention is centered on the assertion that the Act infringes upon the fundamental right to privacy, as safeguarded by the Indian Constitution. Among the following options, which one most effectively bolsters the activists position?a)Under the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022, law enforcement authorities are permitted to gather and retain physical and biological specimens from individuals, regardless of whether they have a prior criminal record, for a duration spanning 75 years.b)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 lacks any specified directives regarding the utilization of the gathered samples and the parties with access to them.c)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 does not necessitate law enforcement agencies to secure a warrant or judicial authorization before procuring an individuals measurements.d)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 fails to establish protective measures against the potential misapplication or exploitation of the gathered samples by law enforcement entities.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 authorizes law enforcement agencies to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples of convicts and other persons to identify and investigate criminal matters. The Act repeals the existing “The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920”, which authorizes the police to collect finger and footprint impressions and photographs.mNational Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is empowered to collect the record of measurements from the State Government or Union territory Administration or any other law enforcement agencies. It shall store, preserve and destroy the record of measurements at the national level. The magistrate is empowered to direct a person to give measurements for the purpose of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or any other law for the time being in force. The police officer or prison officer is empowered to take measurements if any person resists or refuses to allow the taking of such measurements. The Central Government or the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.Any person convicted, arrested or held under any preventive detention law is required to provide “measurements” to a police officer or a prison official. The record of these measurements will be retained in digital or electronic form for a period of 75 years from the date of collection. The records are to be destroyed in case any person, who has not been previously convicted of an offence punishable under any law with imprisonment for any term and had his/her measurements taken according to the provisions of this Act, is released without trial or discharged or acquitted by the court, after exhausting all legal remedies.Q.A collective of advocates for civil liberties submitted a petition to the High Court, contesting the constitutionality of the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022. Their contention is centered on the assertion that the Act infringes upon the fundamental right to privacy, as safeguarded by the Indian Constitution. Among the following options, which one most effectively bolsters the activists position?a)Under the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022, law enforcement authorities are permitted to gather and retain physical and biological specimens from individuals, regardless of whether they have a prior criminal record, for a duration spanning 75 years.b)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 lacks any specified directives regarding the utilization of the gathered samples and the parties with access to them.c)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 does not necessitate law enforcement agencies to secure a warrant or judicial authorization before procuring an individuals measurements.d)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 fails to establish protective measures against the potential misapplication or exploitation of the gathered samples by law enforcement entities.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 authorizes law enforcement agencies to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples of convicts and other persons to identify and investigate criminal matters. The Act repeals the existing “The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920”, which authorizes the police to collect finger and footprint impressions and photographs.mNational Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is empowered to collect the record of measurements from the State Government or Union territory Administration or any other law enforcement agencies. It shall store, preserve and destroy the record of measurements at the national level. The magistrate is empowered to direct a person to give measurements for the purpose of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or any other law for the time being in force. The police officer or prison officer is empowered to take measurements if any person resists or refuses to allow the taking of such measurements. The Central Government or the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.Any person convicted, arrested or held under any preventive detention law is required to provide “measurements” to a police officer or a prison official. The record of these measurements will be retained in digital or electronic form for a period of 75 years from the date of collection. The records are to be destroyed in case any person, who has not been previously convicted of an offence punishable under any law with imprisonment for any term and had his/her measurements taken according to the provisions of this Act, is released without trial or discharged or acquitted by the court, after exhausting all legal remedies.Q.A collective of advocates for civil liberties submitted a petition to the High Court, contesting the constitutionality of the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022. Their contention is centered on the assertion that the Act infringes upon the fundamental right to privacy, as safeguarded by the Indian Constitution. Among the following options, which one most effectively bolsters the activists position?a)Under the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022, law enforcement authorities are permitted to gather and retain physical and biological specimens from individuals, regardless of whether they have a prior criminal record, for a duration spanning 75 years.b)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 lacks any specified directives regarding the utilization of the gathered samples and the parties with access to them.c)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 does not necessitate law enforcement agencies to secure a warrant or judicial authorization before procuring an individuals measurements.d)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 fails to establish protective measures against the potential misapplication or exploitation of the gathered samples by law enforcement entities.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 authorizes law enforcement agencies to collect, store and analyse physical and biological samples of convicts and other persons to identify and investigate criminal matters. The Act repeals the existing “The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920”, which authorizes the police to collect finger and footprint impressions and photographs.mNational Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is empowered to collect the record of measurements from the State Government or Union territory Administration or any other law enforcement agencies. It shall store, preserve and destroy the record of measurements at the national level. The magistrate is empowered to direct a person to give measurements for the purpose of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or any other law for the time being in force. The police officer or prison officer is empowered to take measurements if any person resists or refuses to allow the taking of such measurements. The Central Government or the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.Any person convicted, arrested or held under any preventive detention law is required to provide “measurements” to a police officer or a prison official. The record of these measurements will be retained in digital or electronic form for a period of 75 years from the date of collection. The records are to be destroyed in case any person, who has not been previously convicted of an offence punishable under any law with imprisonment for any term and had his/her measurements taken according to the provisions of this Act, is released without trial or discharged or acquitted by the court, after exhausting all legal remedies.Q.A collective of advocates for civil liberties submitted a petition to the High Court, contesting the constitutionality of the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022. Their contention is centered on the assertion that the Act infringes upon the fundamental right to privacy, as safeguarded by the Indian Constitution. Among the following options, which one most effectively bolsters the activists position?a)Under the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022, law enforcement authorities are permitted to gather and retain physical and biological specimens from individuals, regardless of whether they have a prior criminal record, for a duration spanning 75 years.b)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 lacks any specified directives regarding the utilization of the gathered samples and the parties with access to them.c)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 does not necessitate law enforcement agencies to secure a warrant or judicial authorization before procuring an individuals measurements.d)The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 fails to establish protective measures against the potential misapplication or exploitation of the gathered samples by law enforcement entities.Correct answer is option 'A'. 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