Introduction:

Scheduled Areas refer to specific regions in India that are inhabited by tribal communities. These areas are accorded special status and provisions under the Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The main reason for treating Scheduled Areas differently from other areas in the country is the social and economic backwardness of the 'aboriginal' tribal population.

Explanation:

Social and economic backwardness:
1. The tribal communities residing in Scheduled Areas have historically faced marginalization, exploitation, and discrimination. They have been subjected to land alienation, displacement, and loss of traditional livelihoods. These factors have contributed to their social and economic backwardness.
2. Many tribal communities lack access to basic amenities such as healthcare, education, sanitation, and clean drinking water. The literacy rate among tribal populations is significantly lower compared to the general population.
3. The tribal communities often face social exclusion and discrimination due to their distinct cultural practices, languages, and customs. They are often stigmatized and face difficulties in accessing opportunities for development and growth.

Protection of tribal rights:
1. Recognizing the historical injustices faced by tribal communities, the Constitution of India provides special provisions for their protection and upliftment. The Fifth Schedule was incorporated to safeguard the rights and interests of Scheduled Tribes in tribal areas.
2. The Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA) also empowers tribal communities by granting them self-governance and autonomy over local resources and decision-making processes.

Land and resource rights:
1. One of the key reasons for treating Scheduled Areas differently is the protection of land and resource rights of tribal communities. These areas often have rich natural resources such as minerals, forests, and water bodies.
2. Special provisions are in place to regulate and control the utilization of these resources to prevent their exploitation by external entities. This ensures that the tribal communities have control over their resources and can benefit from their sustainable and equitable utilization.

Preservation of culture and identity:
1. Scheduled Areas are also treated differently to preserve the cultural heritage and identity of tribal communities. The distinct languages, customs, and traditions of these communities are recognized and protected.
2. Efforts are made to promote and preserve tribal art, music, dance, and other cultural practices. Special educational initiatives are undertaken to ensure the preservation and promotion of tribal languages.

Conclusion:

The main reason for treating Scheduled Areas differently from other areas in the country is the social and economic backwardness of the tribal communities residing in these regions. These areas require special attention and provisions to uplift the marginalized tribal populations and protect their rights, resources, and cultural heritage. The aim is to ensure their overall development, empowerment, and inclusion in the mainstream society.