Essential for Fruit Ripening: Ethylene
Fruit ripening is a complex process that involves various biochemical changes. One of the key factors that play a crucial role in fruit ripening is the plant hormone ethylene.

Ethylene as a Plant Hormone:
- Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that regulates various physiological processes in plants, including fruit ripening.
- It is produced naturally by plants in response to stress, aging, or during specific developmental stages.

Role of Ethylene in Fruit Ripening:
- Ethylene is known as the "ripening hormone" because it triggers and accelerates the ripening process in fruits.
- It stimulates the production of enzymes that break down complex molecules like starches and acids into sugars, which contribute to the sweet flavor of ripe fruits.
- Ethylene also influences the color, texture, aroma, and overall quality of the ripened fruit.

Effects of Ethylene on Fruit Ripening:
- Ethylene promotes fruit softening by activating enzymes that degrade cell wall components, leading to a softer texture.
- It stimulates the synthesis of pigments such as carotenoids, which contribute to the color changes observed during ripening.
- Ethylene also enhances the production of volatile compounds responsible for the characteristic aroma of ripe fruits.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, ethylene is an essential plant hormone that plays a central role in fruit ripening. Understanding the mechanisms by which ethylene influences fruit ripening can help in improving post-harvest practices and enhancing the quality of fruits for consumption.