Consider the following statements regardingthe Congress-Khilafat Swara...
Statement 1: Swaraj party was formed after the defeat of the Council-entry proposals at the Gaya session of the Indian National Congress.
Statement 2: Motilal Nehru was elected as the President of the Swaraj Party.
Explanation:
The Swaraj Party was a political party formed within the Indian National Congress in 1923. It was a breakaway faction that emerged after the defeat of the Council-entry proposals at the Gaya session of the Indian National Congress in December 1922.
Statement 1: Swaraj party was formed after the defeat of the Council-entry proposals at the Gaya session of the Indian National Congress.
Correctness: This statement is correct. The Swaraj Party was formed in response to the failure of the Council-entry proposals, which aimed at contesting elections to the Legislative Councils established by the Government of India Act, 1919. The proposals were defeated at the Gaya session of the Indian National Congress in December 1922. Dissatisfied with the Congress' decision to boycott the Legislative Councils, members of the party led by Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das formed the Swaraj Party to participate in the council elections and work towards achieving self-rule or Swaraj.
Statement 2: Motilal Nehru was elected as the President of the Swaraj Party.
Correctness: This statement is incorrect. Motilal Nehru was not elected as the President of the Swaraj Party. Chittaranjan Das, who was a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress, was elected as the President of the Swaraj Party. Motilal Nehru served as the party's General Secretary. The Swaraj Party was a moderate faction within the Congress, and it aimed to work within the legislative framework to achieve self-government for India.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B - 2 only.
Consider the following statements regardingthe Congress-Khilafat Swara...
- After the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922, a new line of political activity, which would keep up the spirit of resistance to colonial rule, was advocated by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru. They suggested that the nationalists should end the boycott of the legislative councils, enter them, expose them as ‘sham parliaments’ and as ‘a mask which the bureaucracy has put on,’ and obstruct ‘every work of the council.’
- Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is not correct: C.R. Das as the President of the Congress and Motilal as its Secretary put forward this program of ‘either mending or ending’ the councils at the Gaya session of the Congress in December 1922. Another section of the Congress, headed by Vallabhbhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad and C. Rajagopalachari, opposed the new proposal which was consequently defeated. Das and Motilal resigned from their respective offices in the Congress and on 1 January 1923 announced the formation of the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party better known later as the Swaraj Party. The adherents of the council entry program came to be popularly known as ‘pro-changers’ and those still advocating boycott of the councils as ‘no-changers.’ Das was the President and Motilal wasone of the Secretaries of the new party. The adherents of the council-entry programme came to be popularly known as ‘pro-changers’ and those still advocating boycott of the councils as ‘no-changers.’
- The no-changers, whose effective head was Gandhiji even though he was in jail, argued for the continuation of the full programme of boycott and non-cooperation, effective working of the constructive programme and quiet preparations for the resumption of the suspended civil disobedience. The Swarajists claimed that they would turn the legislatures into arenas of political struggle and that their intention was not to use them, as the Liberals desired, as organs for the gradual transformation of the colonial state, but to use them as the ground on which the struggle for the overthrow of the colonial state was to be carried out.
- As the pro-changer no-changer clash developed, the atmosphere of dismay in nationalist ranks began to thicken, and they began to be haunted by the fear of the repetition of the disastrous split of 1907. Consequently, in a special session of the Congress held at Delhi in September 1923, the Congress suspended all propaganda against council-entry and permitted Congressmen to stand as candidates and exercise their franchise in forthcoming elections.
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