Introduction:
The Mauryan Empire, under the rule of Chandragupta Maurya and later his grandson Ashoka, witnessed a highly effective system of regulation and control. This system had its merits and demerits, which contributed to both the success and challenges faced by the empire.

Merits of the regulating and controlling system:
1. Centralized governance: The Mauryan Empire established a strong central administration, which enabled efficient governance and decision-making. This centralized system allowed for effective implementation of policies and laws across the empire.

2. Uniform legal framework: The Mauryan rulers introduced an elaborate legal system that was adhered to throughout the empire. The laws were documented in the Arthashastra, which covered various aspects of administration, justice, and public welfare. This uniform legal framework promoted consistency and fairness in the application of laws.

3. Infrastructure development: The Mauryan Empire invested heavily in the development of infrastructure, particularly in the construction of roads, canals, and public buildings. This not only facilitated trade and communication but also provided employment opportunities to the people.

4. Economic regulation: The Mauryan rulers implemented policies to regulate and control the economy. They introduced standardized weights and measures, which facilitated trade and commerce. Additionally, the state had a monopoly over certain industries such as mining and forestry, which ensured a steady supply of resources and revenue.

5. Social welfare: The Mauryan Empire implemented various measures for the welfare of its subjects. Ashoka, in particular, focused on improving the lives of his people through measures such as the establishment of hospitals, animal shelters, and the promotion of vegetarianism. This enhanced the quality of life and garnered the loyalty of the people.

Demerits of the regulating and controlling system:
1. Centralization and bureaucracy: Although the centralized system of governance facilitated efficient administration, it also led to a heavy bureaucracy. This bureaucracy often became corrupt and hindered the effective implementation of policies. The distance between the center and the provinces also made it difficult to address local issues promptly.

2. Excessive regulation: The Mauryan Empire had a highly regulated system, which sometimes stifled innovation and individual freedoms. The state's control over industries and trade limited the growth of private enterprises and entrepreneurship. This excessive regulation could also lead to inefficiencies and bureaucracy.

3. Religious intolerance: While the Mauryan Empire promoted religious tolerance in many aspects, there were instances of religious intolerance as well. Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism led to the patronage and propagation of Buddhism, which could be seen as favoritism towards a particular religion.

4. Dependency on the ruler: The success of the Mauryan Empire heavily relied on the abilities and policies of its rulers. A weak or ineffective ruler could lead to instability and decline. The empire lacked a clear succession plan, which often resulted in power struggles and instability after the death of a ruler.

Conclusion:
The regulating and controlling system of the Mauryan Empire had its merits and demerits. While it facilitated efficient governance, infrastructure development, and social welfare, it also had drawbacks such as excessive regulation, bureaucracy, and religious intolerance. Understanding these strengths and weaknesses helps