Homologous Organs:
Homologous organs are the organs that have the same basic structure but perform different functions. These organs are found in different organisms and are evidence of a common ancestry.
Examples of Homologous Organs:
- The forelimbs of vertebrates, such as humans, bats, cats, and whales, are homologous organs. They have a similar bone structure, despite their different functions in each organism.
- The wings of birds and the arms of humans are also homologous organs. They have a similar structure and are derived from the same embryonic tissues.
- The flippers of seals and the legs of horses are homologous organs. Although they have different functions, they share a similar structure.
Importance of Homologous Organs:
- Homologous organs provide evidence for the theory of evolution, as they suggest that different organisms share a common ancestor.
- The study of homologous organs helps in understanding the evolutionary relationships between different species.
- It allows scientists to trace the evolutionary history of organisms and determine their common traits.
Differences from Vestigial and Analogous Organs:
- Vestigial organs are remnants of organs that were functional in ancestral species but have lost their original function in the present organism. They may have reduced in size or become functionless.
- Analogous organs have a similar function but different structure. They are not evidence of a common ancestry but are the result of convergent evolution.
In conclusion, homologous organs play a crucial role in understanding evolutionary relationships between species and provide evidence for the theory of evolution. They have the same basic structure but perform different functions in different organisms.

Homologous organs are the organs that perform different functions but have the same basic structure. These organs are a result of divergent evolution, where a common ancestor gave rise to different species with varying adaptations.

Homologous organs are evidence of common ancestry and help in understanding the evolutionary relationships between different species. They have similar structural features, such as bone structure, basic anatomy, and embryonic development, despite having different functions.

Explanation of the options:

a) Vestigial organs: Vestigial organs are the organs that have lost their original function over the course of evolution. They may have been functional in ancestral species but have become non-functional or reduced in size in current species. They are not relevant to this question as they do not perform different functions with the same basic structure.

b) Analogous organs: Analogous organs are the organs that perform similar functions but have different basic structures. They are a result of convergent evolution, where different species independently evolve similar adaptations to suit their environment. Analogous organs are not relevant to this question as they do not have the same basic structure.

c) Homologous organs: Homologous organs are the correct answer to this question. They have different functions but share the same basic structure, indicating a common evolutionary origin.

d) Analytic organs: The term "analytic organs" is not commonly used in biology and does not accurately describe organs with different functions but the same basic structure. It is not relevant to this question.

In conclusion, homologous organs are the organs that perform different functions but have the same basic structure. They provide evidence of common ancestry and help in understanding evolutionary relationships between species.