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Which of the following is NOT a criterion for classifying a species as Vulnerable?
  • a)
    A population size fewer than 10,000 mature individuals
  • b)
    A reduction in population size of more than 50% over the last 10 years
  • c)
    A probability of extinction in the wild of at least 10% within 100 years
  • d)
    A population size fewer than 250 mature individuals
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which of the following is NOT a criterion for classifying a species as...


Population size fewer than 250 mature individuals

- This criterion is not used for classifying a species as Vulnerable because it falls under the category of Critically Endangered.
- The IUCN Red List classifies species with a population size fewer than 250 mature individuals as Critically Endangered, which is a higher level of threat compared to Vulnerable.
- The criteria for Vulnerable species include a population size fewer than 10,000 mature individuals, a reduction in population size of more than 50% over the last 10 years, and a probability of extinction in the wild of at least 10% within 100 years.
- Species that meet these criteria are considered Vulnerable, indicating that they are facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future.
- The population size fewer than 250 mature individuals is a more severe condition and warrants classification as Critically Endangered, where the species is at an even higher risk of extinction.
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Which of the following is NOT a criterion for classifying a species as...
A population size fewer than 250 mature individuals is a criterion for classifying a species as Endangered, not Vulnerable.
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Passage IIChemical pesticides lose their role in sustainable agriculture if the pests evolve resistance. The evolution of the pesticide resistance is simply natural selection in action. It is almost certain to occur when vast numbers of a genetically variable population are killed. One or a few individuals may be unusually resistant (perhaps because they possess an enzyme that can detoxify the pesticid e). If the pesticide is applied repeatedly, each successive generation of the pest will contain a larger proportion of resistant individuals. Pests typically have a high intrinsic rate of reproduction, and so a few individuals in one generation may give rise to hundreds or thousands in the next, and resistance spreads very rapidly in a population.This problem was often ignored in the past, even though the first case of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) resistance was reported as early as 1946. There is an exponential increase in the numbers of invertebrates that have evolved resistance and in the number pesticides against which resistance has evolved. Resistance has been recorded in every family of arthropod pests (including dipterans such as mosquitoes and house flies, as well as beetles, moths, wasps, fleas, lice and mites) as well as in weeds and plant pathogens. Take the Alabama leaf worm, a moth pest of cotton, as an example. It has developed resistance in one or more regions of the world to aldrin, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, lindane and toxaphene.If chemical pesticides brought nothing but problems, - if their use was intrinsically and acutely unsustainable – then they would already have fallen out of widespread use. This has not happened. Instead, their rate of production has increased rapidly. The ratio of cost to benefit for the individual agricultural producer has remained in favour of pesticide use. In the USA, insecticides have been estimated to benefit the agricultural products to the tune of around $5 for every $1 spent.Moreover, in many poorer countries, the prospect of imminent mass starvation, or of an epidemic disease, are so frightening that the social and health costs of using pesticides have to be ignored. In general the use of pesticides is justified by objective measures such as lives saved, economic efficiency of food production and total food produced. In these very fundamental senses, their use may be described as sustainable. In practice, sustainability depends on continually developing new pesticides that keep at least one step ahead of the pests – pesticides that are less persistent, biodegradable and more accurately targeted at the pests.Q. “The evolution of pesticide resistance is natural selection in action.” What does it actually imply?

Passage IIChemical pesticides lose their role in sustainable agriculture if the pests evolve resistance. The evolution of the pesticide resistance is simply natural selection in action. It is almost certain to occur when vast numbers of a genetically variable population are killed. One or a few individuals may be unusually resistant (perhaps because they possess an enzyme that can detoxify the pesticid e). If the pesticide is applied repeatedly, each successive generation of the pest will contain a larger proportion of resistant individuals. Pests typically have a high intrinsic rate of reproduction, and so a few individuals in one generation may give rise to hundreds or thousands in the next, and resistance spreads very rapidly in a population.This problem was often ignored in the past, even though the first case of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) resistance was reported as early as 1946. There is an exponential increase in the numbers of invertebrates that have evolved resistance and in the number pesticides against which resistance has evolved. Resistance has been recorded in every family of arthropod pests (including dipterans such as mosquitoes and house flies, as well as beetles, moths, wasps, fleas, lice and mites) as well as in weeds and plant pathogens. Take the Alabama leaf worm, a moth pest of cotton, as an example. It has developed resistance in one or more regions of the world to aldrin, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, lindane and toxaphene.If chemical pesticides brought nothing but problems, - if their use was intrinsically and acutely unsustainable then they would already have fallen out of widespread use. This has not happened. Instead, their rate of production has increased rapidly. The ratio of cost to benefit for the individual agricultural producer has remained in favour of pesticide use. In the USA, insecticides have been estimated to benefit the agricultural products to the tune of around $5 for every $1 spent.Moreover, in many poorer countries, the prospect of imminent mass starvation, or of an epidemic disease, are so frightening that the social and health costs of using pesticides have to be ignored. In general the use of pesticides is justified by objective measures such as lives saved, economic efficiency of food production and total food produced. In these very fundamental senses, their use may be described as sustainable. In practice, sustainability depends on continually developing new pesticides that keep at least one step ahead of the pests pesticides that are less persistent, biodegradable and more accurately targeted at the pests.Q. How do pesticides act as agents for the selection of resistant individuals in any pest population?1. It is possible that in a pest population the individuals will behave differently due to their genetic makeup.2. Pests do possess the ability to detoxify the pesticides.3. Evolution of pesticide resistance is equally distributed in pest population. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.Cyber Security or Information technology security means protecting data, networks, programs and other information from unauthorized or unintended access, destruction or change. It encompasses all the mechanisms and processes that protect digital equipment, information and records from illegal or unintended access, manipulation or destruction. In today’s dynamic environment, cyber security has become vital for individuals and families, as well as organizations (such as military, government, business houses, educational and financial institutions, corporations and others) that collect and store a wide range of confidential data on computers and transmit that to other computers across different networks. For families, protection of children and family members from cybercrime has become substantially important. For an individual, protecting information that could impact social life as well as personal finance is essential. The internet has provided a wide array of learning opportunities, but there are risks too. Photos, videos and other personal information shared by an individual on social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter can be inappropriately used by others may lead to serious and even lifethreatening incidents. Social networking sites have become the most popular medium for sharing information and connecting with other people. But these sites have created varied opportunities forcybercrimes, compromised personal identities and information leakage. Therefore, it is important for individuals to understand how to protect against cyber threats, and must also comprehend the difference between virtual and real world. One should learn how to protect computers and personal information from being hacked and should engage in appropriate online behaviour in order to eliminate changes of cyber threats and thereby creating a safer online environment.Q.What is the downside of Social media, according to the author?

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Which of the following is NOT a criterion for classifying a species as Vulnerable?a)A population size fewer than 10,000 mature individualsb)A reduction in population size of more than 50% over the last 10 yearsc)A probability of extinction in the wild of at least 10% within 100 yearsd)A population size fewer than 250 mature individualsCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which of the following is NOT a criterion for classifying a species as Vulnerable?a)A population size fewer than 10,000 mature individualsb)A reduction in population size of more than 50% over the last 10 yearsc)A probability of extinction in the wild of at least 10% within 100 yearsd)A population size fewer than 250 mature individualsCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Which of the following is NOT a criterion for classifying a species as Vulnerable?a)A population size fewer than 10,000 mature individualsb)A reduction in population size of more than 50% over the last 10 yearsc)A probability of extinction in the wild of at least 10% within 100 yearsd)A population size fewer than 250 mature individualsCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Which of the following is NOT a criterion for classifying a species as Vulnerable?a)A population size fewer than 10,000 mature individualsb)A reduction in population size of more than 50% over the last 10 yearsc)A probability of extinction in the wild of at least 10% within 100 yearsd)A population size fewer than 250 mature individualsCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.
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