Consider the following:1. Recombinant DNA Technology2. CRISPR-Cas93. RNA Interference (RNAi)4. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (Cloning)Which of the above are not Gene Editing technologies?a)Only twob)Only threec)All fourd)NoneCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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Consider the following:

1. Recombinant DNA Technology

2. CRISPR-Cas9

3. RNA Interference (RNAi)

4. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (Cloning)

Which of the above are not Gene Editing technologies?

a)
Only two
b)
Only three
c)
All four
d)
None

Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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Consider the following:1. Recombinant DNA Technology2. CRISPR-Cas93. R...

Important Gene Editing Techniques:

Recombinant DNA Technology: This technique involves isolating and cutting specific DNA segments from one organism (source) and inserting them into the DNA of another organism (host). The host organism then incorporates the new DNA into its genome, expressing the desired trait. This technique is widely used in producing genetically modified crops and pharmaceuticals.
CRISPR-Cas9: The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a revolutionary gene editing tool that allows scientists to precisely target and modify specific DNA sequences. It can be used to add, delete, or replace genes in a wide range of organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals.
TALENs (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases): TALENs are another gene editing technique that can be programmed to target specific DNA sequences. They work similarly to CRISPR-Cas9 and have been used for genetic modification in various organisms.
RNA Interference (RNAi): RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural cellular process that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression within eukaryotic cells. This triggers the degradation of the target gene's messenger RNA (mRNA), resulting in reduced expression of the corresponding protein.
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (Cloning): This technique involves transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell (any cell except sperm or egg cells) into an egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed. This process creates a genetically identical organism (clone). Dolly the sheep was famously created using somatic cell nuclear transfer.
Synthetic Biology: Synthetic biology involves designing and constructing new biological parts, devices, and systems, as well as redesigning existing biological systems. It often includes the synthesis of DNA sequences, modifying existing genes, and constructing novel genetic circuits.
Viral Vectors: It is modified viruses that can carry specific genes into target cells. They are used in gene therapy to deliver therapeutic genes to treat genetic disorders.
Selectable Markers and Reporter Genes: These are genes introduced alongside the desired gene to assist in the identification and selection of genetically modified organisms. Selectable markers confer resistance to specific antibiotics or chemicals, while reporter genes produce easily detectable proteins (e.g., fluorescent proteins) to indicate successful gene transfer. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation: This method uses the natural ability of the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer genetic material into plants. The bacterium is engineered to carry the desired gene, and when it infects the plant, the gene is integrated into the plant's genome.
Microinjection: This technique involves using a fine needle to inject foreign DNA directly into the nucleus of a target cell. It is often used in animal genetic modification. Electroporation: Cells are exposed to an electric field, which temporarily disrupts the cell membrane, allowing foreign DNA to enter. Hence, option D is correct

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Consider the following:1. Recombinant DNA Technology2. CRISPR-Cas93. RNA Interference (RNAi)4. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (Cloning)Which of the above are not Gene Editing technologies?a)Only twob)Only threec)All fourd)NoneCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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