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With reference to the Khilafat and Non- Cooperation Movement, consider the following statements:
1. This Movement witnessed unprecedented participation of the peasants and the workers.
2. Temperance, or a drive against liquor consumption, formed a part of the formal Non-Cooperation Programme.
3. The Movement was called off due to the barbaric incident of Jallianwala Bagh.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    1 and 2 only
  • c)
    3 only
  • d)
    2 and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
With reference to the Khilafat and Non- Cooperation Movement, consider...
  • There were other factors that aroused ‘popular’ Muslim sentiments and outraged the workers, the labourers and the peasants, the Hindus and the Muslims, in different parts of India. The groundswell of 1919–20 found expression in a series of strikes in Bombay, Kanpur, Jamalpur, Madras, Ahmedabad, Jamshedpur and Bengal, that involved the workers in the woollen mills, railways, navigation companies, iron and steel factories and jute mills, among others. The peasants in the Mewar region in Rajasthan, Darbhanga region in Bihar and Awadh region in the United Provinces engaged in constant frictions with the landlords and their Amlas (deputies), and in small acts of subterfuge, where the leaders were often influenced by Gandhi’s Satyagrahas.
  • In this context, Gandhi’s promise of Swaraj within a year proved to be cataclysmic. It fired a wide range of hopes and aspirations. The Non- Cooperation and Khilafat resolutions of the Congress spurred a movement on an unprecedented scale, a movement that went far beyond the Congress programme and initiative. For the first time, the Congress succeeded in drawing in the regions and the groups that had never formed part of earlier Congress initiatives.
  • The peasants were active participants, not only in Bihar, but also in Rajasthan, Sind, Gujarat, Assam and Maharashtra, and the Adivasis organized ‘Forest Satyagrahas’ in the Bengal and Andhra deltas, while Madras, Bengal and Assam also witnessed labour unrest. Indeed, an important aspect of Non- Cooperation was the way it got conflated with the movements for social reform associated with Gandhi. Temperance, or a drive against liquor consumption, never formed a part of the Non-Cooperation Programme, but it became a major rallying point for the ‘masses’ – Adivasi and low-caste peasants and agricultural labourers – in large parts of India.
  • Anti-liquor campaigns produced a significant fall in the revenue earned from liquor excise in Bihar, Orissa, south Gujarat, Madras and Punjab, where the targets were often Indian liquor dealers. The move to remove untouchability, on the other hand, never acquired great significance, even though it was a part of the formal programme. This clause was inserted in the 1920 resolution by Gandhi, who made an emotional appeal to ‘rid Hinduism of the reproach of untouchability’. Apart from the fact that the nationalist leaders did not take up the matter seriously, Gandhi’s own approach to and stance on the issue diverged widely from the Dalit leaders and caused serious disharmony with the Dalits in the 1930s.
  • The violent incident of Chauri Chaura, on 5th February, 1922, led to the calling off of the Non Cooperation Movement. Gandhi remained firm in his stance that the Movement had to be called off, because of the absence of an environment of non-violence and stressed the need for constructive programme prior to any further political action in the Bardoli resolution. He was perhaps being true to his ideal of patience that helped sediment values over time, the younger members of the Congress, however, were sorely disappointed. The Movement was suspended at its peak, without attaining any of its objectives. 
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With reference to the Khilafat and Non- Cooperation Movement, consider...
Incorrect Statements Regarding Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement:

1. Statement 1:
- The statement that "This Movement witnessed unprecedented participation of the peasants and the workers" is correct. The Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement saw massive participation from various sections of society, including peasants and workers who were disenchanted with British rule and sought to protest against it.

2. Statement 2:
- The statement that "Temperance, or a drive against liquor consumption, formed a part of the formal Non-Cooperation Programme" is incorrect. The Non-Cooperation Movement primarily focused on non-cooperation with British authorities, boycott of British goods, and civil disobedience. While temperance movements were prevalent in India during this time, they were not a formal part of the Non-Cooperation Programme.

3. Statement 3:
- The statement that "The Movement was called off due to the barbaric incident of Jallianwala Bagh" is incorrect. The Non-Cooperation Movement was called off by Mahatma Gandhi in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident, where protesters turned violent and clashed with the police. Gandhi believed that non-violence was a fundamental principle of the movement and called off the campaign in response to the violence at Chauri Chaura.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D. 2 and 3 only.
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With reference to the Khilafat and Non- Cooperation Movement, consider the following statements:1. This Movement witnessed unprecedented participation of the peasants and the workers.2. Temperance, or a drive against liquor consumption, formed a part of the formal Non-Cooperation Programme.3. The Movement was called off due to the barbaric incident of Jallianwala Bagh.Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?a)1 onlyb)1 and 2 onlyc)3 onlyd)2 and 3 onlyCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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With reference to the Khilafat and Non- Cooperation Movement, consider the following statements:1. This Movement witnessed unprecedented participation of the peasants and the workers.2. Temperance, or a drive against liquor consumption, formed a part of the formal Non-Cooperation Programme.3. The Movement was called off due to the barbaric incident of Jallianwala Bagh.Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?a)1 onlyb)1 and 2 onlyc)3 onlyd)2 and 3 onlyCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about With reference to the Khilafat and Non- Cooperation Movement, consider the following statements:1. This Movement witnessed unprecedented participation of the peasants and the workers.2. Temperance, or a drive against liquor consumption, formed a part of the formal Non-Cooperation Programme.3. The Movement was called off due to the barbaric incident of Jallianwala Bagh.Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?a)1 onlyb)1 and 2 onlyc)3 onlyd)2 and 3 onlyCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for With reference to the Khilafat and Non- Cooperation Movement, consider the following statements:1. This Movement witnessed unprecedented participation of the peasants and the workers.2. Temperance, or a drive against liquor consumption, formed a part of the formal Non-Cooperation Programme.3. The Movement was called off due to the barbaric incident of Jallianwala Bagh.Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?a)1 onlyb)1 and 2 onlyc)3 onlyd)2 and 3 onlyCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.
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