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For continuation of protein synthesis in bacteria, ribosomes need to be released from the mRNA as well as to dissociate into subunits. These processes do not occur spontaneously. They need the following possible conditions:
A. RRF and EF-G aid in this process.
B. An intrinsic activity of ribosomes and an uncharged tRNA are required.
C. IF-1 promotes dissociation of ribosomes.
D. IF-3 and IF-1 promotes dissociation of ribosomes.
- a)A and C
- b)A and D
- c)A and B
- d)B and C
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
For continuation of protein synthesis in bacteria, ribosomes need to b...
Concept:
- The four main phases of translation are initiation, elongation, termination, and ribosome recycling.
- Translation is a highly dynamic process. Ribosomes create brief complexes with auxiliary translation factors during each phase to aid in the production of proteins.
- Termination occurs when the ribosome encounters a stop codon in the mRNA.
- In bacteria, stop codons are recognized by the termination (or release) factors RF1 and RF2, which read the codons UAG/UAA and UGA/UAA, respectively.
- Another termination factor, RF3, facilitates turnover of RF1 and RF2 but is not required for peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis. Crystal and cryo-EM structures as well as smFRET studies show that RF1 and RF2 stabilize the ribosome in the N state , whereas RF3 alone stabilizes the R state.
- When RF3 binds to the RF1–ribosome complex, RF1 changes its position and RF3 adopts a different conformation than in complexes with just one factor bound.
- the mechanism of termination entails three steps: recognition of the stop codon, hydrolysis of the ester bond of the peptidyl-tRNA (these two steps are accomplished by RF1 or RF2) and dissociation of RF1/RF2 with the help of RF3. RF1 and RF2 select the respective stop codons by conserved recognition motifs, PVT in RF1 or SPF in RF2.
- The uracil in the first position of all three stop codons is recognized by the amino terminus of helix α5 of either RF1 or RF2. In RF1, interactions of the Thr residue in the PVT motif restrict reading to an A at the second position of the codon.
- In contrast, in RF2 the Ser residue in the SPV motif can bind to both A and G. The ability of RF1 to read both A and G in the third codon position is explained by a rotation of the side-chain amide of a Gln residue that is conserved in RF1, but not in RF2.
- RF2 has a hydrophobic Val residue at the homologous position and is restricted to an A in the third codon position.
- Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis is catalyzed by the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome with the help of the GGQ motif that is conserved in RF1 and RF2.
- The Gln residue of the GGQ motif is methylated; the modification increases the rate of peptide release, in particular for RF2.
Explanation:
- Post-translation ribosomes are dissociated into its subunits.
- Three important translation factors are found to be involved in this process by cooperative action:
- Ribosome-recycling factor (RRF)
- Elongation factor G (EF-G)
- Initiation factor 3 (IF-3)
- The RRF and EF-G only transiently dissociates the 70s ribosome.
- The IF-3 stabilizes this dissociation by temporarily binding to the 30s subunit and preventing the re-association of the 70s ribosome.
- Under certain non-physiological conditions, IF-3 and IF-1 together are found to promote ribosome dissociation.
- However, IF-1 does not have any effect alone.
- Therefore, only statements A and D are correct here.
Hence the correct answer is option 2.
Most Upvoted Answer
For continuation of protein synthesis in bacteria, ribosomes need to b...
Overview of Protein Synthesis Termination in Bacteria
In bacterial protein synthesis, the termination phase is crucial for the release of ribosomes from mRNA and the disassembly of the ribosomal subunits. Understanding the conditions that facilitate these processes helps clarify the underlying mechanisms of protein synthesis.
Key Factors for Ribosome Disassembly
- A. RRF and EF-G Aid in this Process
Ribosome Recycling Factor (RRF) and elongation factor G (EF-G) play essential roles in the recycling of ribosomes, but they are not the only factors involved in ribosome disassembly.
- B. An Intrinsic Activity of Ribosomes and an Uncharged tRNA are Required
This option emphasizes the role of the ribosome's own intrinsic properties. The presence of an uncharged tRNA promotes the disassembly process by allowing ribosomes to recognize termination signals effectively. This is critical for the release of polypeptides and the subsequent separation of ribosomal subunits.
- C. IF-1 Promotes Dissociation of Ribosomes
Initiation Factor 1 (IF-1) is primarily involved in the initiation phase of protein synthesis and does not significantly contribute to the dissociation process during termination.
- D. IF-3 and IF-1 Promote Dissociation of Ribosomes
While IF-3 does assist in the dissociation of ribosomal subunits, IF-1's role is limited to initiation, making this option partially correct but not sufficient on its own.
Conclusion
The correct answer is option 'B' because it highlights the essential roles of ribosomal intrinsic activity and uncharged tRNA in facilitating the disassembly of ribosomes during protein synthesis termination in bacteria. Understanding these factors provides insight into the complexity of ribosomal dynamics and the overall efficiency of protein synthesis.
In bacterial protein synthesis, the termination phase is crucial for the release of ribosomes from mRNA and the disassembly of the ribosomal subunits. Understanding the conditions that facilitate these processes helps clarify the underlying mechanisms of protein synthesis.
Key Factors for Ribosome Disassembly
- A. RRF and EF-G Aid in this Process
Ribosome Recycling Factor (RRF) and elongation factor G (EF-G) play essential roles in the recycling of ribosomes, but they are not the only factors involved in ribosome disassembly.
- B. An Intrinsic Activity of Ribosomes and an Uncharged tRNA are Required
This option emphasizes the role of the ribosome's own intrinsic properties. The presence of an uncharged tRNA promotes the disassembly process by allowing ribosomes to recognize termination signals effectively. This is critical for the release of polypeptides and the subsequent separation of ribosomal subunits.
- C. IF-1 Promotes Dissociation of Ribosomes
Initiation Factor 1 (IF-1) is primarily involved in the initiation phase of protein synthesis and does not significantly contribute to the dissociation process during termination.
- D. IF-3 and IF-1 Promote Dissociation of Ribosomes
While IF-3 does assist in the dissociation of ribosomal subunits, IF-1's role is limited to initiation, making this option partially correct but not sufficient on its own.
Conclusion
The correct answer is option 'B' because it highlights the essential roles of ribosomal intrinsic activity and uncharged tRNA in facilitating the disassembly of ribosomes during protein synthesis termination in bacteria. Understanding these factors provides insight into the complexity of ribosomal dynamics and the overall efficiency of protein synthesis.
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For continuation of protein synthesis in bacteria, ribosomes need to be released from the mRNA as well as to dissociate into subunits. These processes do not occurspontaneously. They need the following possible conditions: A. RRF and EF-G aid in this process. B. An intrinsic activity of ribosomes and an uncharged tRNA are required. C. IF-1promotes dissociation of ribosomes. D. IF-3 and IF-1 promotes dissociation of ribosomes.a)A and Cb)A and Dc)A and Bd)B and CCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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For continuation of protein synthesis in bacteria, ribosomes need to be released from the mRNA as well as to dissociate into subunits. These processes do not occurspontaneously. They need the following possible conditions: A. RRF and EF-G aid in this process. B. An intrinsic activity of ribosomes and an uncharged tRNA are required. C. IF-1promotes dissociation of ribosomes. D. IF-3 and IF-1 promotes dissociation of ribosomes.a)A and Cb)A and Dc)A and Bd)B and CCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for Software Development 2025 is part of Software Development preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Software Development exam syllabus. Information about For continuation of protein synthesis in bacteria, ribosomes need to be released from the mRNA as well as to dissociate into subunits. These processes do not occurspontaneously. They need the following possible conditions: A. RRF and EF-G aid in this process. B. An intrinsic activity of ribosomes and an uncharged tRNA are required. C. IF-1promotes dissociation of ribosomes. D. IF-3 and IF-1 promotes dissociation of ribosomes.a)A and Cb)A and Dc)A and Bd)B and CCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Software Development 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for For continuation of protein synthesis in bacteria, ribosomes need to be released from the mRNA as well as to dissociate into subunits. These processes do not occurspontaneously. They need the following possible conditions: A. RRF and EF-G aid in this process. B. An intrinsic activity of ribosomes and an uncharged tRNA are required. C. IF-1promotes dissociation of ribosomes. D. IF-3 and IF-1 promotes dissociation of ribosomes.a)A and Cb)A and Dc)A and Bd)B and CCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
For continuation of protein synthesis in bacteria, ribosomes need to be released from the mRNA as well as to dissociate into subunits. These processes do not occurspontaneously. They need the following possible conditions: A. RRF and EF-G aid in this process. B. An intrinsic activity of ribosomes and an uncharged tRNA are required. C. IF-1promotes dissociation of ribosomes. D. IF-3 and IF-1 promotes dissociation of ribosomes.a)A and Cb)A and Dc)A and Bd)B and CCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for Software Development 2025 is part of Software Development preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Software Development exam syllabus. Information about For continuation of protein synthesis in bacteria, ribosomes need to be released from the mRNA as well as to dissociate into subunits. These processes do not occurspontaneously. They need the following possible conditions: A. RRF and EF-G aid in this process. B. An intrinsic activity of ribosomes and an uncharged tRNA are required. C. IF-1promotes dissociation of ribosomes. D. IF-3 and IF-1 promotes dissociation of ribosomes.a)A and Cb)A and Dc)A and Bd)B and CCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Software Development 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for For continuation of protein synthesis in bacteria, ribosomes need to be released from the mRNA as well as to dissociate into subunits. These processes do not occurspontaneously. They need the following possible conditions: A. RRF and EF-G aid in this process. B. An intrinsic activity of ribosomes and an uncharged tRNA are required. C. IF-1promotes dissociation of ribosomes. D. IF-3 and IF-1 promotes dissociation of ribosomes.a)A and Cb)A and Dc)A and Bd)B and CCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
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