Ancient History of India

Indus Valley Civilization (3300-1300 BCE)
- One of the world's oldest urban civilizations, known for its planned cities and advanced drainage systems.
- Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were major cities of this civilization.
- Economy based on agriculture, trade, and crafts like pottery and metallurgy.

Vedic Period (1500-500 BCE)
- Rigveda, the oldest known text of the period, reflects the society's religious and social practices.
- Society was divided into four varnas (social classes) - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
- Iron Age began during this period, leading to the development of new tools and weapons.

Maurya Empire (322-185 BCE)
- Founded by Chandragupta Maurya and expanded by his grandson, Ashoka the Great.
- Known for its centralized administration, efficient bureaucracy, and promotion of Buddhism.
- Ashoka's rock edicts spread his message of peace and tolerance.

Gupta Empire (320-550 CE)
- Known as the "Golden Age" of India, marked by advancements in art, science, and literature.
- Decimal numeral system, concept of zero, and Ayurveda medicine originated during this period.
- Sanskrit literature flourished, with works like the Kama Sutra and plays by Kalidasa.

Conclusion
India's ancient history is rich and diverse, encompassing various civilizations, empires, and cultural achievements that have left a lasting impact on the country's identity.